Anatomy

Anatomy vs Physiology

Anatomy: the study of the structures of the human body

Physiology: the study of the body’s structures and how they function

Integumentary System basic function and major organs

To protect body from damage and harmful invaders. Organs: Skin, hair, nails

Skeletal system basic function and major organs

Provides structure and protection. Stores minerals, creates blood cells. Organs: Skull, rib cage, vertebrae, pelvis

Muscular system: basic function and major organs

Allows our body to move. Works with skeletal system. Organs: none, but muscles are put into: skeletal, smooth, cardiac muscle

Endocrine system basic function and major organs

Regulates bodily functions and keep homeostasis through hormones. Organs: pituitary gland, female ovaries, male testes, thyroid gland, adrenal glands

Nervous system basic function and major organs

Coordinates body by sending and receiving signals. Organs: brain, spinal cord, nerves (neurons)

Cardiovascular (circulatory) system basic function and major organs

To transport nutrients, oxygen and horomones through the body. Contains immune cells. Organs: heart, blood vessels, blood, arteries, veins, capillaries

Lymphatic (and immune) system basic function and major organs

Returns fluid leaked from blood vessels back to the bloodstream, defends the body against infection and disease, transports and filters lymph (fluid containing white blood cells).

Organs: Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus, tonsils & adenoids, bone marrow

Respiratory system basic function and major organs

To take in oxygen into the bloodstream and release carbon dioxide. Organs: trachea, diaphragm, lungs

Digestive system basic function and major organs

To break down food to provide energy & nutrients. Organs: mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, anus

Urinary/excretory system

To remove waste from body. Organs: kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

Reproductive system

To produce offspring and hormones. Organs: ovaries, testes, uterus, prostate, fallopian tubes, seminal vesicles.

Metabolism

The sum of all chemical processes in the body

Responsiveness

Ability of an organism to adjust to changes in its internal and external environment

Movement

Includes the actions of the joints of the body AND the motion of individual cells & organs

Growth

Increase in body size due to size of cells, number of cells, and amount of material around cells

Differentiation

Unspecialized cells become specialized cells to perform certain tasks

Reproduction includes:

-Formation of new cells for growth, repair, and replacement

-The production of a new individual

Oxygen

Key component of chemical reactions to keep the body alive

Narrow Range of Temperature

The human body must maintain a narrow range of internal temperature for enzymes and cells to work properly.