9: Surgical Pharmacology and Anesthesia

During which phase of general anesthesia would the risk of aspiration be the greatest?

a. induction

b. maintenance

c. emergence

d. recovery

a. induction

Which anesthetic monitoring device registers the brain wave activity of the patient and

enables anesthetic titration for optimal level of consciousness during surgical intervention?

a. bispectral index

b. Doppler device

c. electrocardiogram

d. pulse oximeter

a. bispectral index

Benzodiazepines are classified by the Controlled Substances Act as which class?

a. Class II

b. Class III

c. Class IV

d. Class V

c. Class IV

Which type of drug is used to treat possible postoperative nausea and vomiting?

a. anti-arrhythmic

b. antiemetic

c. antihistamine

d. antimuscarinic

b. antiemetic

Why would a neurosurgeon order mannitol for a patient during a craniotomy for excision of

tumor?

a. muscle relaxation

b. prevent surgical site infection

c. reduce vasospasm

d. decrease intracranial pressure

d. decrease intracranial pressure

How are most drugs absorbed by the body?

a. active transport

b. passive transport

c. dissolution

d. vasoconstriction

b. passive transport

Which of the following is NOT a drug administration route?

a. biodegradable

b. enteral

c. parenteral

d. topical

a. biodegradable

What is the pharmacological agent administered specifically to treat malignant

hyperthermia (MH)?

a. curare

b. dantrolene

c. sevoflurane

d. succinylcholine

b. dantrolene

Which drug is administered intravenously to treat life-threatening cardiac ventricular

arrhythmias?

a. cimetidine

b. diazepam

c. naloxone HCl

d. lidocaine HCl

d. lidocaine HCl

What is the name of the device used to support or modify the curvature of an endotracheal

tube during intubation?

a. balloon

b. circuit

c. stylet

d. tube

c. stylet

Which anatomical structure regulates temperature by monitoring processes of heat

production and loss in the human body?

a. cerebellum

b. hypothalamus

c. pituitary gland

d. thyroid gland

b. hypothalamus

What would be the scrubbed surgical technologist's role in the general anesthesia induction

phase?

a. applies cricoid pressure for intubation

b. initates the "time-out"

c. maintains absolute quiet

d. suctions oral secretions

c. maintains absolute quiet

During which type of assessment would Korotkoff's sounds be heard?

a. listening for breathing before initiating CPR

b. during coughing during the recovery phase

c. using a stethoscope for manual blood pressure

d. while using sterile Doppler probe to find blockage

c. using a stethoscope for manual blood pressure

Which type of anesthesia would be considered nontraditional in the United States?

a. acupuncture

b. Bier block

c. monitored

d. spinal block

a. acupuncture

Which of the following pharmacological agents provides muscle relaxation by preventing

acetylcholine from stimulating muscle contraction?

a. dissociative

b. induction

c. nondepolarizing

d. volatile

c. nondepolarizing

What side effects after the use of the dissociative agent ketamine HCl make it

contraindicated for use on adults?

a. hangover feeling

b. morbid hallucinations

c. urinary incontinence

d. vomiting and nausea

b. morbid hallucinations

Diminished cardiac and urinary output, hypotension, and tachycardia are signs of:

a. pseudocholinesterase deficiency syndrome

b. disseminated intravascular coagulopathy

c. malignant hyperthermia

d. shock

d. shock

The practice of applying cricoid pressure during endotracheal intubation was named for a

British anesthesiologist named:

a. Doppler

b. Heimlich

c. Korotkoff

d. Sellick

d. Sellick

The anesthesia provider would assign which physical status classification rating to a patient

with severe systemic disease, massive obesity, poorly controlled hypertension, or status

postmyocardial infarction?

a. ASA 1

b. ASA 2

c. ASA 3

d. ASA 4

c. ASA 3

A bovine-derived enzyme used as a chemical method of hemostasis is:

a. heparin

b. collagen

c. thrombin

d. epinephrine

c. thrombin

Drugs used for ophthalmological procedures are similar to those for systemic use but must

be:

a. less concentrated

b. less viscoelastic

c. more diluted

d. more pure

d. more pure

What is the topical agent used by peripheral vascular and neurosurgeons to dilate blood

vessels intraoperatively?

a. papaverine HCl

b. lidocaine HCl

c. epinephrine

d. heparin

a. papaverine HCl

Which type of ophthalmic medication constricts the pupil?

a. cycloplegic

b. miotic

c. mydriatic

d. viscoelastic

b. miotic

Which classification of drugs is used to induce uterine contractions and reduce bleeding

after vaginal or cesarean section delivery?

a. adrenergic

b. immunoglobulin

c. oxytocic

d. steroid

c. oxytocic

Which drug is an anticoagulant antagonist used to reverse the effects of heparin?

a. naloxone HCl

b. dantrolene sodium

c. sodium bicarbonate

d. protamine sulfate

d. protamine sulfate

Which type of medication container would pose the highest risk of injury to the handler and

contamination of the medication by glass particles?

a. ampule

b. preloaded syringe

c. tube

d. vial

a. ampule

A widely accepted list of safety measures is entitled the Six ___________ of Medication

Administration.

a. Laws

b. Points

c. Rights

d. Standards

c. Rights

Minums, drams, and drops are volume measurements in which measurement system?

a. apothecary

b. common

c. household

d. metric

a. apothecary

The apothecary system of measurement based weight measurement on a grain of:

a. bran

b. rice

c. sand

d. wheat

d. wheat

Which of the following naming categories for pharmaceutical drugs would NOT be used in a

health care setting?

a. chemical

b. generic

c. street

d. trade

c. street

Cough syrups containing codeine would be placed in which classification of controlled

substances?

a. Class I

b. Class II

c. Class IV

d. Class V

d. Class V

Which type of drug preparation both is sweetened and contains alcohol?

a. elixir

b. emulsion

c. solution

d. syrup

a. elixir

In which anatomical organ does biotransformation of drugs most often take place?

a. brain

b. colon

c. kidney

d. liver

d. liver

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) are also known as:

a. adrenergics

b. analgesics

c. antibiotics

d. antihypertensives

b. analgesics

What is the term for the portion of the endotracheal tube that is inflated to create a closed

airway system?

a. cuff

b. jacket

c. neck

d. sleeve

a. cuff

Which measurement method is used to determine end tidal volume of expired carbon

dioxide?

a. capnography

b. oximetry

c. spirometry

d. tomography

a. capnography

What is the medical term for normal breathing?

a. apnea

b. bradypnea

c. dyspnea

d. eupnea

d. eupnea

Which vitamin is required for activation of the body's natural clotting mechanism?

a. B

b. C

c. D

d. K

d. K

Avitene is the brand name for which type of chemical hemostatic agent?

a. absorbable gelatin

b. microfibrillar collagen

c. oxidized cellulose

d. topical thrombin

b. microfibrillar collagen

Ancef, Kefzol, and Keflex are brand names for which category of antibiotic/anti-infective

agents?

a. aminoglycosides

b. anti-amebicides

c. cephalosporins

d. penicillins

c. cephalosporins

Fentanyl citrate is the generic name for which of the following analgesics?

a. Demerol

b. morphine

c. Sublimaze

d. Toradol

c. Sublimaze

The ratio of a solution's solute to solvent is its:

a. chemical index

b. concentration

c. conversion rate

d. cumulative dose

b. concentration

By what name is the International System of Units more commonly known?

a. apothecary system

b. household system

c. metric system

d. quantitative system

c. metric system

A patient prescribed sublingual nitroglycerin for angina would:

a. instill drops in his eyes

b. place it under his tongue

c. rub it into his chest

d. spray it into his nostrils

b. place it under his tongue

Teratogenic results fall into which category of medication effects?

a. addiction

b. adverse

c. therapeutic

d. toxic

d. toxic

Magnesium, calcium, and zinc come from which drug source?

a. animal

b. biotechnology

c. mineral

d. plant

c. mineral

Which governmental regulatory agency has oversight of pharmaceutical companies?

a. EPA

b. FDA

c. NIH

d. OSHA

b. FDA

What is the chemical name for a chemical or drug that causes birth defects?

a. agonist

b. parenteral

c. synergist

d. teratogen

d. teratogen

Which category of drug is used to outline hollow or tubular anatomical structures for

radiographic visualization?

a. contrast media

b. dyes

c. stains

d. vasodilator

a. contrast media

Which type of reaction occurs when a drug potentiates or enhances the effect of another

substance?

a. additive

b. agonistic

c. anaphylactic

d. antagonistic

b. agonistic

Which type of pharmaceutical agent binds to another agent's receptor site, preventing the

other agent from binding there and causing its desired effect?

a. additive

b. agonist

c. anaphylactic

d. antagonist

d. antagonist

What type of irrigating solution is used during placement of synthetic grafts in

cardiovascular surgery to prevent clotting?

a. antibiotic NaCl

b. balanced salt solution

c. heparinized saline

d. sterile distilled water

c. heparinized saline

What type of anesthesia nerve block involves injecting local anesthetics with Wydase

around the optic nerves?

a. Bier

b. caudal

c. epidural

d. retrobulbar

d. retrobulbar

Lidocaine, bupivacaine, and ropivicaine are examples of which type of nerve conduction

blocking agents?

a. adrenergics

b. adjunctive

c. amino amides

d. amino esters

c. amino amides

Extreme caution should be exercised when using which of the following for localized

anesthesia of fingers, toes, or the penis, or in neonates?

a. bupivacaine

b. epinephrine

c. hyaluronidase

d. mepivacaine

b. epinephrine

Which of the following topical anesthetics is used as a "freezing" method to block pain

receptors in skin?

a. cocaine

b. ethyl chloride

c. lidocaine

d. tetracaine

b. ethyl chloride

What is another term for spinal anesthesia?

a. Bier

b. intrathecal

c. local

d. retrobulbar

b. intrathecal

What is the term for a spinal anesthetic solution that has the same specific gravity as

cerebrospinal fluid?

a. antibaric

b. hyperbaric

c. hypobaric

d. isobaric

d. isobaric

What is done to an upper extremity with an Esmarch bandage prior to inflation of the

double-cuffed tourniquet used in Bier block anesthesia?

a. embolization

b. evisceration

c. exsanguination

d. extravasation

c. exsanguination

When a patient undergoes induced hypothermia to a level of 68°F or below, it is termed to

be:

a. light

b. moderate

c. deep

d. profound

d. profound

Drugs used for prophylaxis relieve pain or other symptoms of a disease process.

False

A patient taking a medication for a long period may experience tolerance, resulting in the

need to increase the dosage to achieve the same benefit as before.

True

Antibiotics and the anticoagulant heparin are frequently diluted with normal saline to

achieve a more powerful dosage than the original strength.

False

To convert weight in pounds to kilograms for a near estimate in an emergency, divide the

pounds in half and then subtract the first digit of the answer from the answer itself to get the

conversion total. For example, 160/2 = 80, 80 - 8 = 72.

True

The surgical technologist (ST) and circulating RN verify a drug's name, strength, expiration,

and amount together; then the ST labels any container holding it; and states the drug name

and strength aloud to the surgeon as it is being passed.

True