History Quiz Women Make Progress, Struggles Against Discrimination

founded the National Consumers League known as the NCL

Florence Kelley

opened the first birth control clinic

Margaret Sanger

helped to found the National Association of Colored Women

Ida B. Wells

president of the NAWSA, campaigned to pass women's suffrage at both the state and national levels

Carrie Chapman Catt

social activist, led women to picket at the White House

Alice Paul

What colleges armed middle-class women with an education and modern ideas

Pennsylvania's Bryn Mawr and New York's School of Social Work

However, most poor women continued to

labor long hours, often under dangerous or dirty conditions.

Progressive reforms addressed working women’s conditions including:

1. They worked long hours in factories and sweatshops, or as maids, laundresses or servants.

2. They were paid less and often didn't get to keep their wages.

3. They were intimidated and bullied by employers.

What important goal did reformers see that succeeded in several states?

limiting the length of a woman's work day

In what case did the Supreme Court rule that states could legally limit a women's work day?

Muller v. Oregon

This ruling would also be the used as justification for

paying women less for the same job

who would put labels on products that "were made under good, safe and fair working conditions"

The National Consumer League (NCL)

How did the The National Consumer League (NCL) help women's rights?

urged women to not buy/boycott products that didn't have that label

In 1899, Florence Kelley founded the

Women's Trade Union League

The Women's Trade Union League worked for a

federal minimum wage and a national eight-hour workday

Progressives supported the

temperance movement

They felt that alcohol often led to

men to spend their earnings on liquor, neglect their families, and abuse their wives

The Woman's Christian Temperance Union grew steadily until the passage of the

18th Amendment which banned the sale and production of alcohol in 1919

In 1916, Margaret Sanger opened the first

birth control clinic

She believed that

having fewer children would lead to healthier women.

What happened to Margaret Sanger due to her beliefs?

she was jailed

Later, The courts eventually ruled that

doctors could give out family planning information.

In 1921, Sanger founded the what to make information available to women?

American Birth Control League

Ida B. Wells founded what in 1896?

National Association of Colored Women (NACW)

The NACW supported what?

day care centers for the children of working parents.

What else did Ida. B Wells work for?

suffrage, to end lynchings, and to stop segregation in the Chicago schools

the right to vote

suffrage

1919, granted women the right to vote

Nineteenth Amendment

Ultimately, what was seen as the only way to ensure that the gov't protected children, fostered education, and supported family life?

suffrage

What two people worked relentlessly for women's suffrage?

Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton

What were the first 4 states that allowed women to vote?

Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, Idaho

Who was President of the National American Women Suffrage Association?

Carrie Chapman Catt

Carrie Chapman Catt promoted a two-part strategy to

gain the vote for women

This two-part strategy included:

1. NAWSA lobbied Congress for a constitutional amendment

2. Supporters, called suffragettes, used the referendum process to pass state laws.

In 1917, social activists led by Alice Paul formed the

National Woman’s Party

Their radical actions made the suffrage movement's goals seem

less dramatic by comparison

One of these actions include:

The NWP picketed the White House.

Hundreds of suffragettes were arrested and jailed.

States gradually granted suffrage to women, starting in the

western states

What stated “shall not be denied or abridged on account of sex”

Nineteenth Amendment

In November 1920, women nationwide voted in a presidential election for the first time. What was the percent turnout?

36% turnout

opposed Washington's approach; favored education in academic subject, not just in the trades

Niagara Movement

viewed full legal rights as the only solution to racial discrimination

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAAPC)

What movement went on and founded the NAACP

Niagara Movement

was formed to defend against physical and verbal attacks, false statements, and fair treatment for all citizens alike

Anti-Defamation League

was formed to create a network of local clubs and churches to assist African Americans migrating to northern cities

Urban League

Progressives believed what would turn immigrants into loyal and moral citizens?

assimilation

While teaching English they also advised immigrants to

replace their customs with middle-class practices and Protestant values

Settlement houses and other civic groups played a prominent role in

Americanization efforts

The results were well-intentioned, but often insensitive or racist efforts to change

the immigrants

African Americans were split over how to end

racial discrimination

urged a patient, gradual effort based on earning equality through training and work in the skilled trades

Booker T. Washington

demanded that African Americans receive all constitutional rights immediately

W.E.B. DuBois

In 1905, DuBois and William Monroe Trotter were concerned that all across the South, black men could not

vote

Their Niagara Movement rejected the gradualist approach stating that trade skills

“create workers, but cannot make men.”

They believed African Americans should learn how to think for themselves by

the study of academic subjects

What were used to justify laws that kept blacks from voting?

Scientific theories of "intelligence"

What decision furthered discrimination in the North as well as the South?

Plessy v. Ferguson

By 1910, what was the norm nationwide?

segregation

In 1914, even federal gov't offices were segregated by who?

Progressive President Woodrow Wilson

Many Progressives supported

racial prejudices

White mob attempts to lynch 2 AA in prison, their anger is turned on the black neighbors in the city leading to large destruction of property

Springfield Race Riot (1908)

Supporters of NAACP

Jane Addams

Ray Stannard Baker

Florence Kelley

Ida B. Wells

Tactics of NAACP:

1. used their newspapers to publicize the horrors of race riots and lynchings.

2. used the courts to challenge unfair housing laws

3. promoted professional careers for African Americans

groups that provided legal assistance and disability insurance

mutualistas

What group formed mutualistas?

Mexican Americans

What served a role similar to the Urban League for Mexican Americans?

The Partido Liberal Mexicano in Arizona

The mutualistas helped to defeat what that Latinos were subject to?

unfair labor contracts

What split up reservations for individual N.A. to farm?

Dawes Act

Any land that wasn't specifically given to N.A. could be then

sold to the public

helped N.A. fight against federal land snatching and preserving culture

S.o.A.I.

In 1913 only citizens could own land, so, new Japanese immigrants were not granted citizenship, and

forced to sell land

Children born in this country are citizens, so young children became

home/land owners