digestive system- animal anatomy

what are the two borders of the thoracic cavity

cranial border and caudal border

what is another name for cranial border

thoracic inlet

what forms the cranial border

formed by the first pair of ribs and vertebrae

what are the 4 cavities in the body

oral cavity, thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, and pelvic cavity

what forms the abdominal cavity

it is the space within the trunk between the diaphragm and pelvic cavity

FITB: Diaphragm provides openings into ______ cavity

abdominal

what are the 3 parts of the diaphragm listed in the PowerPoint

Aortic hiatus, esophageal hiatus, and caval foramen

what forms the pelvic cavity

the space bounded by the two hip bones, the sacrum and the first two caudal vertebrae

what organs can be seen on the left side of the body cavity

trachea, esophagus, liver, aorta, stomach, spleen, left kidney, coils of jejunum, descending colon, heart, urinary bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs

what organs can be seen on the right side of the body

esophagus, heart, caudal vena cava, liver, aorta, stomach, right kidney, duodenum, cecum, jejunum rectum and reproductive organs

what forms the oral cavity

the space extending from the lips to the pharynx, bounded laterally by the cheeks divided into oral cavity proper and vestibule

what is a vestibule

spaces with names

where is the labial vestibule found

between the incisors and lips

where is buccal vestibule found

between the cheekteeth and cheeks

What are the two types of palates in the oral cavity

hard and soft

FITB: Palate separates the _____ and _____ passages in the head

respiratory, digestive

what is an object present in the oral cavity is many assume is a tumor

the incisive papilla

what type of organ is the tongue

muscular

what are the 3 parts of the tongue

apex, body, and root

what are the two types of papillae

mechanical and gustatory ( taste)

what are 2 different types of mechanical papillae

filiform and conical/ lentiform

what does the filiform do

directs food caudally

what does the conical do

1/3rd of it directs for caudally and after that its is mechanical

what are the three types of gustatory papillae

fungiform, foliate, vallate

what are the mushroom shaped papillae called

fungiform

what are the shape of the foliate papillae

leaf shaped

where are the foliate found

on the lateral border of the tongue

what is the largest and least numerous gustatory papillae

vallate

where is the vallate papillae found

rostrally to root of tongue

what type of papillae are only found in newborns

marginal

where are marginal papillae found

edge of rostral half

what is the purpose of marginal papillae

to prevent milk from spilling over tongue sides

How does the tongue aid in temperature control in dogs

it controls heat loss by panting

what are the 4 types of teeth surfaces

vestibular, lingual, contact, and occlusal

what are the 6 types of teeth

permanent, deciduous, incisor, canine, pre-molars and molars

what are the two types of cheek teeth

pre-molars and molars

what is the dentition formula for a puppy

2X ( I 3 C 1 P 4 M 2 ) / ( I 3 C 1 P 4 M 3) = 42

what is the dentition formulas in dogs

2X= (I 3 C 1 P 3) / (I 3 C 1 P 3)= 28

what are the major salivary glands

parotid, mandibular, and sublingual

what type of salivary glands are serous

parotid

what type of salivary glands are mucous

mandibular and sublingual

what is present in the saliva

water, proteins, glycoproteins, electrolytes, and antibodies

what is the function of the salivary glands

prepare food for swallowing by lubrication and wetting

what is the pharynx

a common passageway for the digestive and respiratory systems

what is the function of the pharynx

connect the nasal and oral cavities with the trachea(nasal) and esophagus (oral) respectively, serving to direct the intake of food and air into the proper channels

FITB: The esophagus is the first part of the _______ canal.

alimentary

what is the function of the esophagus

transport food from oral cavity and pharynx to the stomach

what are the 3 parts of the esophagus

cervical, thoracic, and abdominal

where does the esophagus connect to the diaphragm

the esophageal hiatus

where does the esophagus terminate

at the cardia of the stomach

FITB: Passes down the neck first ____ to traches and then shifts the ______. inside the thorax, it passes ______ again.

dorsal, left, and dorsal

what is the stomach

the dilation of the GI tract caudal to the esophagus receiving ingesta from the esophagus and temporarily storing it

what are the two types of digestion

mechanical and enzymatic

what are the two enzymes that are secreted in the stomach

pepsin and HCL

what are the type of cells in the glandular lining

simple columnar

what type of glandular lining is only in carnivores

simple glandular stomach

what occurs with GDV and what type of animals does it occur in

when the stomach flips and happens in giant breed dogs with deep chests

what is the principle site of digestion and absorption

the small intestines

what are the three parts of the small intestines

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

FITB: The _______ receives ingesta from the stomach

duodenum

what is the longest part of the small intestine

jejunum

what is the smallest portion of the small intestine

ileum

what does the ileum empty into

the large intestine

where is the large intestine located

dorsally in the abdomen

what suspends the large intestine

mesocolon

what is the function of the large intestine

the dehydrate fecal contents by absorbing water

what is the cecum

a blind diverticulum

where is the cecum found

on the right side of the body

what is the first part of the large intestine

the ascending colon

in carnivores what is the ascending colon

the right colon

where is the ascending colon found

at the root of mesentery

where is the transverse colon found

cranial to the root if mesentery

what are the parts of the large intestine

ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, rectum, and anal canal and anus

what type of stomach does ruminants have

a single stomach divided into 4 regions

what are the 4 parts of a four chambered stomach

Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum, and abomasum

what is the “true stomach” in ruminants

abomasum

where is the ruminoreticulum located

at the level of the 7th intercostal space

what does the mucosa in the carida region form

two heavy muscular folds

what is another name for the Sulcus ruminoreticula

esophageal or reticular groves

what causes the reticular groove to form

the sucking reflex stimulate these folds to form a tube

what is the purpose of the reticular groove

the tube allows milk to bypass the rumen and go straight to the abomasum

what is the located of fermentation in the 4 chambered stomach

the rumen

what is the forestomach

the ruminoreticulum

Where is the location of fermentation

the rumen

what is a important product of fermentation

VFA’s

What are the three possible VFA’s formed

acetic acid, propionic acid, and Butyric acid

What is the main form of energy in the ruminant

VFA’s ( volatile fatty acids)

What is the main form of protein in ruminants

bacteria

What gasses are formed above the ingesta

methane and CO2

what is eructation

burping ( the release if gas through the mouth)

where is the rumen located

at the 7th to 8th intercostal space to the pelvic inlet on the abdominal floor

How long do cows spend each day ruminating

35 to 45%

why do cows go through the process of regurgitating cud

because the process makes feed easier for microbes to digest

List the pathway the cud follows through digestive system

the cud is swallowed again after regurgitation and is then passed into the reticulum, the solid portion slowly moves into the rumen for fermentation, the liquid portion rapidly moves from the reticulorumen into the omasum and then abomasum.

How long does the solid portion of cud left behind in the rumen remains

up to 48 hours

Why is the solid portion of the cud left in the rumen

so the microbes can use the fibrous feedstuffs to make precursors for energy

A healthy cow has how many contractions of the rumen each minute

1 to 2

What according to the rumen can indicate a sick animal

poor rumen movement

What are the 4 things that occur when the rumen contracts

it mixes contents, brings microbes in contact with new feedstuffs, reduces flotation of solids, and moves materials out of the rumen

what is the most cranial part of the 4 chambered stomach

the reticulum