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crust

the rigid rock outer surface of the earth

composed of rocks, basalt and granite

oceanic crust

earths crust located under the ocean.

made of basalt

continental crust

• primarily contains granite

• - less dense than oceanic crust

• - 20-50 km thick

lithosphere

is rigid and solid , behaves as a brittle and strong layer .

it is divided into large pices knwon as tectonic plates, thes pieces move and interact leading to earthquakes and mountain formation

Asthenosphere

is located beneath the lithosphere

-plastic like layer

• allows for gradual flow and deformation of rocks

• the flow is a key factor in the movement of tectonic plates.

lithosphere + asthenosphere

the lithosphere flows on the partially “molten “ asthenosphere.

the movement of the lithosphere is influenced by the flow of the asthenosphere.

interaction between the lithosphere is crucial for the plate tectonics and the geological process,

mantle

-layer of hot solid material between earths crust and core

• composed mainly of silicon oxygen , magenesium,iron, aluminium and oxygen

• upper mantle is made of peridot

convection current

a current caused by the rising of a heated fluid and the sinking of a cooled fluid

outer core

layer of molten iron and nickel surrounds the inner core of earth

inner core

dense sphere of solid iron and nickel at the center of earth

sonar

uses wave sounds to detect,classify,locate and track submarines

mid ocean ridge

is an underwater mountain chain were new ocean floor is formed

mid atlantic ocean

an underwater mountain range running midway to