PSYCH 105 Chapter 17

insight therapies

therapy methods that look into the deep cause of symptoms. eg. psychodynamic, humanistic

symptom oriented therapies

therapy methods that look into reducing negative symptoms. eg. cognitive, behavioral, biological

psychodynamic therapies

therapy methods that focuses on unconscious mental and emotional processes

psychoanalysis

freud’s therapy technique. goal is to find the origin on the disorder in the unconscious

symptom substitution

when one symptom gets better, but another worsens. result of not finding the underlying source in psychoanalysis

hypnosis

letting the patient speak while hypnotized

repressed memories

memories that you unconsciously avoid thinking about, typically due to trauma

free association

practice in psychoanalytic therapy, patient lies down and says whatever comes to mind

dream interpretation

patient tells analyst about a dream they had, analyst tries to find some sort of “meaning” behind it that relates to their issue

manifest content

in dream interpretation, what literally happens in the dream

latent content

in dream interpretation, the hidden symbolic meaning of the dream

resistance

in psychoanalytic therapy, when the patient is defensive and does not want to talk about something

transference

in psychoanalytic therapy, when the patient redirects feelings about someone in their life onto the therapist

brief psychodynamic therapy

a form of interpersonal therapy, a shorter version of regular psychodynamic therapy

interpersonal therapy

form of psychotherapy that focuses on relieving symptoms by improving interpersonal functioning

humanistic therapy

form of talk therapy that focuses on a person's individual nature

client centered therapy

carl rogers’ therapy technique. non directive and focused on the client themselves

carl rogers

the creator of client centered therapy, also the ideas of self concept and congruence

unconditional positive regard

the therapist cares for and accepts the client without judgement no matter what

empathy

seeing the world through someone else’s eyes (in their shoes)

reflective listening

repeating back what you hear (in your own words)

genuineness

being genuine

gestalt therapy

form of therapy that focuses on integrating a person’s experiences into a idea/pattern

gestalt

organized whole

logotherapy

(existential therapy) victor frankl’s therapy technique. “finding meaning amidst suffering”

victor frankl

holocaust survivor, wrote “man’s search for meaning”. argued one must find meaning in suffering.

meaning

one’s purpose

albert ellis

creator of rational emotive therapy. argued being upset is inevitable, but becoming miserable/depressed stems from how we interpret being upset

rational emotive therapy (RET)

albert ellis’ therapy technique. only desire things you can control

ABCD model

activating event, belief, consequences, disputing “b”

activating event

environmental event that triggers some belief

belief

activated by A

consequences

produced by B, emotional and behavioral

disputing the beliefs

challenging B

MUSTerbation

“i must be perfect”, “my life must be perfect”, “others must be perfect”

aaron beck

father of cognitive therapy

cognitive therapy

aaron beck’s therapy technique. emphasizes importance of targeting irrational beliefs.

challenging the attributional style

part of cognitive therapy, challenging depressive attribution

behavior therapies

a type of therapy that is symptom oriented, focuses on reducing negative symptoms using condtioning

extinction

getting completely rid of

exposure therapy

type of therapy that stems from classical conditioning, tries to get rid of the anxiety/fear linked to a “bad” association

systemic desensitization

type of exposure therapy, starts off light with exposure and then works its way up in difficulty

flooding

type of exposure therapy, going straight for the top of the “hierarchy”

stimulus hierarchy

the tiers of “scary” stimulus in exposure therapy. eg. thinking about spiders —> being covered in spiders

aversion therapy

type of therapy designed to make you dislike something more

behavior modification

uses operant conditioning. typically performed by giving rewards for doing something good

positive reinforcement

rewarding good behavior

token economy

system of rewards for good behavior. rewards used for goods. eg gold stars for tv time

social skills training

learning to initiate with someone else

cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

mixture of cognitive and behavioral therapy techniques

mindfulness

in come CBT, meditation techniques, incl. acceptance and commitment therapy

acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)

therapy method where you notice the irrational thoughts and act upon them

dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)

targeted type of CBT, designed for BPD

cultural congruence

(therapist’s) respect for the differences between cultures

cultural competence

does the therapist have an idea of the different sorts of challenges with different cultures

gender competence

does the therapist have an idea of the different sorts of challenges with different genders

evidence based practice

practices done because of historical evidence

hans eysneck

famous for work with personality, argued psychotherapy is ineffective

spontaneous remisson

unexpected cure or healing from a disease

randomized clinical trials

study in which the participants are divided by chance into separate groups that compare different treatments or other interventions

placebo control group

group where they believe they are being treated with say, a drug, but nothing is actually being applied

meta analysis

analysis of data from different, unrelated trials to see if trends are consistent

effect size

how much better do people with treatment do than without

dodo bird verdict

idea that all standard therapy techniques are of similar efficacy

openness

how open minded, imaginative, creative, one is

dose response effect

the relationship between the dose (treatment) and improvement

common factors

factors of successful intervention- optimism, faith in therapist, plausible explanation, etc.

attrition

when people leave a study

psychopharmacology

psychotherapy with use of drugs

anti anxiety drugs

benzodiazepines, slow down brain help feel relaxed eg, valium, xanax

antidepressants

SSRIs or MAO inhibitors

MAO inhibitors

breaks down neurotransmitters while in axon

SSRIs

lets more serotonin across synapse, eg, prozac, celexa

lithium

mood stabilizer for BPD

antipsychotic drugs

decrease activity of dopamine, eg. thorazine

tardive dyskinesia

disorder that involves involuntary movement

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

solution for treatment resistant depression, w/ high suicide risk

psychosurgery

rarely done today, only for very rare treatment resistant depression. used to be more common. eg. lobotomy

deinstitutionalization

60s, mental institutions closed down

situation-focused prevention

decreasing enviro. factors that may increase chance of developing disorder