Chapter 5 - Cell Respiration and Metabolism - Tagged

Cell Respiration

The process of producing ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through energy transformation in cells.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

A nucleotide that serves as the primary energy carrier in cells.

Glycolysis

The metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose to release energy, resulting in the production of ATP.

Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

A crucial metabolic pathway that occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, generating energy-rich molecules like NADH and FADH2.

Oxidative Phosphorylation

The synthesis of ATP via the electron transport system and the addition of a phosphate group to ADP.

Catabolism

The breakdown of molecules to release energy.

Anabolism

The synthesis of larger molecules from smaller ones, which requires energy.

Reduction

The gain of electrons by an atom or molecule, resulting in a decrease in charge.

Oxidation

The loss of electrons by an atom or molecule, often through the loss of hydrogen.

NADH

A coenzyme that acts as an electron carrier and is produced during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.

FADH2

An energy-rich coenzyme that provides electrons for the electron transport system.

Pyruvic Acid

The end product of glycolysis, which enters the Krebs cycle for further energy production.

Anaerobic Respiration

A form of respiration that occurs without oxygen, resulting in lactic acid production when NADH is oxidized.

Acetyl CoA

A key molecule that enters the Krebs cycle after pyruvic acid is converted in the mitochondrion.

Oxidation-reduction reactions

Chemical reactions that involve the transfer of electrons between two substances.

Electron Transport System

A series of proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane that facilitate the transfer of electrons and production of ATP.

Metabolism

Reactions in the body that involve energy transformation