APUSH Chapter 17

test feb 5 2025

Vertical Integration

When a company manages all parts of production, such as a meat company owning cows, fields, and slaughterhouses.

Horizontal Integration

When a company buys out competition by drastically lowering prices to drive competitors out of business, creating monopolies.

Trusts

When multiple companies work together as one in investing, often leading to monopolies.

Shift in Management

Dividing important tasks among leaders in specific areas, such as finances, marketing, and manufacturing.

Skilled Workers

Workers who are craftsmen and able to create something in whole, as opposed to unskilled workers.

Unskilled Workers

Workers who perform simple, repetitive tasks without needing comprehensive skills or training.

Scientific Management

A management theory that rewards faster workers with higher pay, aiming for efficiency but often resisted by labor unions.

Old Immigrants

Immigrants from English-speaking countries like Ireland and Germany, typically Protestant.

New Immigrants

Immigrants from Eastern Europe, often escaping poverty and religious persecution, and usually less proficient in English.

Chinese Exclusion Act

A law that prohibited all Chinese immigration and denied Japanese individuals citizenship.

Great Railroad Strike

A large labor protest against wage cuts that raised awareness about labor unions in America.

Henry George

An economist who warned Americans about the negative implications of industrial power, linking it to poverty.

Greenback Labor Party

A political party that sought better working conditions and economic reforms to help borrowers.

Producerism

A belief that wealthy business owners profit from the labor of others.

Granger Laws

Regulations imposed on railroads that initiated reform movements, though they were not strongly enforced.

Knights of Labor

A labor organization that advocated for workers' rights and public ownership but faced challenges from the government.

Haymarket Protest

A violent labor protest that led to a backlash against unions, particularly the Knights of Labor.

Farmers Alliance

A group advocating for farmers' rights, supporting Greenback and Granger ideas.

Hatch Act

A law providing federal funding for agricultural research and education.

Interstate Commerce Act

Legislation that created the ICC to regulate interstate shipping and railroads, initially favorable to farmers but poorly enforced.

Closed Shop

A workplace where union membership is required for employment to exclude lower-wage workers.

AFL (American Federation of Labor)

A national federation of labor unions focusing on skilled workers' rights, led by Samuel Gompers.

Tactics against Labor Unions

Strategies used by employers, including lockouts, blacklists, and yellow dog contracts, to undermine labor unions.

Homestead Strike

A violent labor strike that illustrated workers' dissatisfaction.

Pullman Strike

Another prominent violent labor strike, revealing tensions between workers and management.

Haymarket Affair

A labor protest that turned violent, reflecting the conflicts between law enforcement and workers.