AP Psychology - Module 8, Lesson 3

History of Psychological Treatment, Modern Day Approaches to Treatment, Unconditional Positive Regard

Medical Model

Mental illness is a disorder with physical causes that should be diagnosed and treated.

Biopsychosoical Approach

A model for treating mental illness by not only looking at the biological causes of mental illness but also understanding the psychological and social-cultural aspects as well.

Behavior Therapy

Focus on the behavior by applying learning principles to get rid of unwanted behaviors.

Counterconditioning

An animal is conditioned to produce a different response to an already conditioned stimulus.

Exposure Therapy

Exposes the patient to the object that is causing fear.

Systemic Desensitization

The patient is exposed gradually to anxiety-producing stimuli.

Virtual Reality Exposure

Uses virtual reality to expose the patient to the object causing fear.

Aversive Conditioning

Replaces a positive response with a harmful stimulus to create a negative response.

Token Economy

Earning "tokens" for exhibiting desired behaviors which can then be exchanged for rewards.

Cognitive Therapy

Helps the client change the way he interprets events.

Rational-Emotive Behavioral Therapy

A type of behavioral therapy created by Albert Ellis in which one's dysfunctional thoughts are exposed and confronted in order to help the patient understand how they are thinking and how it leads to their actions in an effort to change the thoughts and actions.

Cognitive-Behavior Therapy

The therapist asks questions to lead the patient into realizing his thoughts are wrong.

Family Therapy

Includes the family and significant others to help nurture and change a patient's behavior.

Eclectic Approach

Draws from many different therapy styles.

Evidence-Based Practice

Uses current best practices to help make decisions about patient care.

Psychoanalysis

Working towards becoming aware of repressed feelings in order to deal with them.

Resistance

Patient avoids the topic.

Transference

Placing unconscious feelings towards one person onto another.

Client-Centered Therapy

Focus is placed on the patient.

Humanistic Approach

Believes that the patient is in control and possesses the resources to grow and achieve self-fulfillment.

Active Listening

A technique used in counseling where the psychologist is fully engaged in listening, understanding, and responding to what is said by the patient.

Unconditional Positive Regard

Developed by Carl Rogers, it is the practice of accepting and respecting others as they are without judgement or evaluation.

Free Association

An attempt to reach the unconscious by saying unrestricted words that come from the conscious mind.

Meta-Analysis Study of Psychotherapy

This study includes a combination of data and independent research to help find the most effective therapy.

Therapeutic Alliance

Working relationships between a therapist and their client.

Deinstitutionalization

The process of moving with a disability from an institution to their home.

Nonmaleficence

Ethical principle to "do not harm."

Fidelity

Faithfulness and trust given by a therapist.

Integrity

Being honest and truthful.

Respect for People's Rights and Dignity

Ethical principle that all people no matter their gender, race, creed, etc. should be treated with respect and dignity, while upholding their privacy.

Dream Interpretation

Used in psychotherapy where dreams are interpreted to determine motivations.

Cognitive Restructuring

Cognitive therapy technique where therapists help clients identify self-defeating behaviors or cognitive distortions and then help them find ways to modify those issues.

Fear Hierarchies

Ranked list of least frightening to most frightening specific phobia stimuli.

Maladaptive Thinking

Pattern of negative and unhelpful thoughts that impact an individual and can lead to distress.

Biofeedback of Anxiety and Depression

Therapy technique that uses electronic devices to monitor psychical responses to anxiety symptoms.

Dialectical Behavior Therapy

A stage based therapy that combines cognitive therapy and behavioral therapy and mindfulness.