Week 15 Spine ROM normative values/MMT

cervical flexion ROM single inclinometer

57-90 degrees

cervical flexion ROM double inclinometer

approx 50 degrees

cervical flexion ROM universal goni

around 40 degrees

cervical extension ROM single inclinometer

around 51 degrees

cervical extension ROM double inclinometer 

around 51-64

cervical extension ROM universal goni

50-70 degrees

cervical lateral flexion ROM single inclinometer

around 48 (pringle), 41-42 with Myrin

cervical lateral flexion double inclinometer

approx 41-48

cervical lateral flexion ROM universal goni

around 22 degrees

cervical rotation ROM universal goni 

around 50 degrees 

cervical rotation ROM single inclinometer

around 75-80 per side

thoracolumbar flexion ROM double inclinometer

around 60 degrees

thoracolumbar extension ROM double inclinometer

around 25 degrees

thoracolumbar lateral flexion universal goni

around 35 for females, 38 for males, decreased with age (around 18 in 70-79 yo)

thoracolumbar lateral flexion double inclinometer 

around 25 degrees per side 

thoracolumbar rotation universal goni

around 45 degrees per side 

thoracolumbar rotation double inclinometer

varies with age, primarily measures thoracic rotation in young, flexible adults

lumbar flexion double inclinometer rotation

around 60 degrees for adults

lumbar extension single/double inclinometer

around 20-25 degrees

lumbar lateral flexion single/double inclinometer 

25-30 per side 

neck flexor MMT grade

• 5/5 five reps

• 3/5 three to four reps

• 2/5 one to two reps

• 0/5 no reps

neck extensors MMT grade

• 5/5 20 second hold

• 3/5 10-19 seconds

• 2/5 1-9 seconds

• 0/5 zero seconds

anterior trunk (upper abdominal) flexors MMT grading

• 5/5 can complete full motion with hands behind the head

• 4+/5 can complete full motion with hands at shoulders

• 4/5 can complete full motion with hands across chest

• 4-/5 can complete full motion with hands across abdomen

• 3+/5 can complete full motion with hands arms extended out front

• 3/5 able to do trunk flexion with arms forward but not flex at the hips

• 3-/5 able to tilt pelvis post and keep pelvis and thorax approximated as head lifts from floor

• 2/5 able to tilt pelvis post but unable to maintain as head lifted

• 1/5 a contraction felt but no approximation of pelvis or thorax

• 0/5 no palpable contraction

lateral trunk muscle MMT grading 

• normal: able to fully lift and bend the back sideways  

• good: able to lift and bend the back sideways with the shoulder lifted 4 inches from table 

• fair: able to lift and bend the back sideways with the shoulder lifter 2 inches from table 

• poor: unable to lift and bend the back sideways 

anterior trunk (lower abdominals) flexors MMT grade

• 5/5 able to perform posterior pelvic tilt and hold low back flat on the table while lowering the legs to the full extended position 0-15 degrees

• 4+/5 lowers to 15-30

• 4/5 lowers to 30-45

• 4-/5 lowers to 45-60

• 3+/5 lowers to 60-75

• 3/5 able to perform post pelvic tilt and hold low back flat on the table while lowering the legs to an angle of greater than 75 degrees with the table

• 3-/5 the leg lowering test is not performed

back extensors MMT grade

• slight: able to complete test with hands behind the head

• moderate: able to complete test with hands behind the back

• marked: able to partially complete test by raising the xiphoid process slightly, with hands clasped behind back

trunk raise (endurance) MMT grade

• normal (5): 20-30 second hold

• good(4): 15-20

• fair(3): 10-15

• poor(2): 1-10

• trace(0): unable to raise more than head off table

spine rotators and mutlifidus test MMT grade

• normal(5)- able to perform contralateral arm and leg lift with neutral pelvis 20-30 seconds 

• good(4)- able to maintain neutral pelvis with single left lift for 15-20 seconds 

• fair(3)- able to maintain neutral pelvis with single arm lift for 15-20 seconds 

• poor(2)- unable to maintain neutral pelvis while doing single arm lift 

• trace(1)- unable to raise arm or leg off the table to the straight position

abdominal endurance test MMT grade

• normal(5)- 20-30 seconds

• good(4)- 15-20

• fair(3)- 10-15

• poor(2)- 1-10

• trace(1)- unable to raise more than the head off the table

side support or side bridge test

• normal(5)- able to lift pelvis off the table and hold the spine straight for 20-30 seconds

• good(4)- 15-20 seconds

• fair(3)- 10-15 seconds

• poor(2)- able to lift pelvis off the table but not able to hold spine straight for 1-10 second hold

• trace(1)- unable to lift the pelvis off the table