Final Into Christianity

How does Gonzáles describe a “heresy”?

A doctrine which seems to threaten the very core of the Christian message

What was the result of the “conversion” of Emperor Constantine to Christianity?

 All the above

Who was crowned emperor by the pope in 800 AD in an attempt to resurrection the ancient

Western Roman Empire?

Charlamagne

What are the monastic “mendicant orders,” known for the practice of supporting themselves

through begging?

Both C and D above

What effect did the spirit of the Renaissance have on the papacy during the Late Middle Ages?

They paid greater attention to the embellishment of Rome and building palaces

What event in 1517 is usually seen as the start of the Reformation?

Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses

By 1600, which country or countries had deep roots in the Protestant Reformation?

Both A and B above

What is the name of the movement that arose in the 17 th century that placed experience and obedience over orthodoxy?

Pietism

What does Gonzáles call “one of the most important elements in the history of the church in

the nineteenth century”?

Missionary expansion of Christianity throughout the world

Which of the following marked the beliefs of the high point of modernity?

All the above

What is the Septuagint?

The Greek translation of the Old Testament

Which of the following Roman emperors did not persecute Christians?

Constantine

What are the elements of the heresy of Gnosticism?

Both A and B above

What are the elements of the heresy of Marcionism

Both B and D above

What is the more common name of the “Roman symbol” that appeared about the same time as the heresy of Marcionism?

None of the above

What were the central acts of worship in the early church?

Baptism and Communion

What was one of the causes of the rise in the monastic lifestyle after the time of Constantine?

A desire to replace the heroic expression of the faith of the martyrs

Which church father, the son of Monica, initially followed the heretical Manichaean sect?

Augustine

Which of the following is not a teaching of Arianism?

Jesus is of the same substance as God the Father

Which of the following came out of the First Ecumenical Council in 325 AD?

The Nicene Creed

Who is known as the most prominent missionary to Ireland?

Saint Patrick

True or False: Gonzáles makes the claim that while much of the ancient culture disappeared in the Early Middle Ages, the church was the only institution that preserved some of the ancient culture

True

Which of the following were established by St. Benedict, as he founded a monastery at Monte Casino?

All the above

Which of the following was not undertaken by Pope Gregory the Great?

The building of St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome

True or False: The Third Ecumenical Council, held at Ephesus in 431 AD, affirmed that it is

appropriate to call Mary “theotokos,” or “Mother of God.”

True

Which of the following was associated with the Great Schism of 1054 AD

Both B and C above

Which names best fill in the blanks of the following sentence? “Pope _____ forced King

_____ to humble himself in the castle of Canosa.”

Gregory VII and Henry IV

What are the mendicant orders of monasticism?

Franciscans and Dominicans

Which two scholars does Gonzáles point to as marking the high point of Scholastic theology?

Bonaventure and Aquinas

What architectural style focuses on light and height, using columns and flying buttresses to

support the weight of roofs so that walls can be filled with stained glass windows?

Gothic

What does Gonzáles call the “Great Western Schism” of 1378–1423?

Having two popes at one time, one in Rome and one in Avignon

Which council brought an end to the Great Western Schism by unifying behind one pope in

the place of two or three popes, and also condemned John Huss as a heretic?

Council of Constance

Which three reformers does Gonzáles focus on in Chapter 5, “The Late Middle Ages”?

Wycliffe Huss, and Savonarola

What movement were Meister Eckhart, John Tauler, Henry Suso, Jan van Ruysbroeck, and

Gerhardt Groote associated with?

Mysticism

What document, posted by Martin Luther in 1517, is generally seen as the start of the

Protestant Reformation?

The 95 Theses

What conviction held by Luther is at the heart of the Lutheran Reformation?

Salvation is by grace through faith

How did Ulrich Zwingli die?

He died on a field of battle

Who wrote Institutes of the Chrisitan Religion?

 Calvin

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Anabaptist movement, such as the

Mennonites?

Holding to the teachings of the councils of the Church

True or False: The Church of England (Anglican/Episcopalian) abolished the episcopacy

(office of bishop) because it was closely aligned with the monarchy

False

What is the name of the war that took place following the “defenestration of Prague” in 1618, that Gonzáles describes as “arguably the bloodiest Europe had ever suffered”?

 None of the above

What did the Peace of Westphalia guarantee?

 Religious freedom for all

What movement in the Lutheran Church was started by Philip Jakob Spener and August

Hermann Francke?

Pietism

Which of the following movements came out of a clash between modern science (particularly the theory of evolution) and Biblical revelation, as discussed at a conference at Niagara Falls in 1895?

Fundamentalism

Which of the following are taught by “Liberalism” in the Church?

All the above

What was the theological stance of the Roman Catholic Church in much of the 19 th Century?

Rejection of practically anything that could be seen as modern

While many in Europe in the 19 th Century thought Christianity was disappearing into the past, what was the situation in other parts of the world?

Christianity experienced a widespread expansion to become truly universal through

missionary movements

Which pair of ideas thought that reason, science, and technology would bring about a glorious time of joy in which all human problems would eventually be solved?

Rationalism and Modernism

By the end of the 20 th Century, which of the following describes the religious situation in

Eastern Europe?

 After suffering under harsh Communist pressure, the Church showed new signs of life,

and Communism failed

Who is the founder of “neo-orthodoxy” which according to Gonzáles “may well be said to

mark the end of liberalism”?

Karl Barth

In the Smalcald Articles, what is Martin Luther’s definition of the Church?

Both B and C

In the Augsburg Confession, what is Philip Melanchthon’s definition of the Church?

The gathering of all believers among whom the Gospel is correctly proclaimed and

taught and the sacraments are correctly administered

What is the liturgy as Hopkins and Kolb define it?

Church orders and rituals rooted in the tradition of the church, pulled from Scripture

Which of the following do Hopkins and Kolb NOT use as a description of the church?

Home base for doing good works to earn salvation

What are the essential elements of the church, without which it does not exist, as described in the Nicene Creed?

One, holy, catholic, and apostolic

Which of the following is NOT a mark of the church that Luther specified in 1539?

Popularity in Culture

The Lutheran confessions stipulate that the church exists…

Where the Gospel is rightly proclaimed and the sacraments are rightly administered

True or False: If a church has the correct form of polity—church organization and government—then it can prevent the devil’s deceit from misleading the church and perverting its message.

False

True or False: Since the church must be a community of peace that reaches out to the world in mission, God’s people should water down their confession of faith or make church doctrine vague in order to avoid conflict and seek outward unity

False

What is the term for the universal church limiting preaching and communing in its midst to

those who agree upon the teaching of the faith

Pulpit and altar fellowship

How do Hopkins and Kolb describe the work of the public ministry (the job of pastors)?

A calling of service to other believers

True or False: Those who hold the office of the public ministry (pastors), by virtue of their

office, have a relationship with God that is different from other believers, they are closer to God and have special access to God that is not available to non-pastors

False

True or False: The terms “bishop” and “elder” can be used interchangeably for the pastoral

leadership of the early Christian congregation

True

True or False: It is clear that God instituted formal, public leadership for his people in the

church, therefore the public ministry (the office of pastors) is necessary

True

What does the public ministry center around?

The public proclamation of the Word of God

Which of the following terms best matches the original meaning of the word “ministry”?

Service

True or False: St. Paul indicates in 1 Corinthians 14 and 1 Timothy 2 that it is contrary to

God’s will for women to fill the pastoral office

True

What is the name of the practice from the apostolic times of the church in which fellow

pastors “lay hands” upon candidates for the public ministry to give them the gift of their calling to serve the Word to the church?

Ordination

Despite the fact that a pastor might be a scoundrel, what do Hopkins and Kolb call the office of the public ministry, since it represents the Lord Jesus to serve the church in his name?

 A particularly precious gift of God

What is the ultimate determination of what is right and proper in the life of the church?

The Word of God

What does Just say is the outcome of Jesus joining Himself to us in the sacred meal of holy

food (The Lord’s Supper)?

 We are now joined to all the saints who have died and risen in Christ

According to Just, what did the entire Old Testament cultic system of sacrifices point forward to?

The sacrifice of the Messiah in a violent death for the sins of the world

True or False: According to Just, Lutherans, like the early Christians, believe that Christ is

bodily present through the Word and Sacrament, offering His people the gifts of heaven

True

Which best describes the order and priority of the actions in the Divine Service?

God blesses us through His Word and Sacraments, and in response we give God our

thanksgiving and praise

Based on the statement of Prosper of Aquitaine (a student of St. Augustine) from about AD

340, “lex orandi, lex credendi,” which best describes the influences in the Divine Service?

All of the above

What does Just call “Watchwords for Today” for the Church when considering worship?

Both A and C

According to Just, what best describes Lutheran worship?

It is its own culture, distinct from the pop culture of secular society

True or False: Just claims that we can rightly say that in the Divine Service Christ is present

bodily

True

According to Just, what is the reason that people come to the liturgy/Divine Service?

All the above

Which of the following lists accurately represents what Just includes in his diagram of the

historic liturgy of Word and Sacrament as it has been handed down to us today?

Entrance, Word, Preparation, Sacrament, Distribution

According to Parton, which of the following are views of God held by various world

religions?

All the above

How is Jesus viewed in Islam?

A prophet or messenger from God

What assertion does Parton make about the truthfulness or validity of world religions?

All assertions about God may be wrong, but they cannot all be right

What does “Maya” mean in Eastern religions, such as Hinduism?

 Illusion

True or False: Parton argues that atheism has a strong logical ground to argue for the non-

existence of God based on the existence of evil

False

How does Christianity see history?

 Linear

What is the book that Christian Scientists view as absolutely authoritative?

Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures

What is the cause of the apparent overlap in the teachings of the major religions of the world?

They are climbing the same ethical Mt. Everest because they agree on common ethical

principles

What other religion or religions (other than Christianity) are often described as teaching a

“salvation by grace”?

 Both C and D above

True or False: Tolerance and acceptance are synonymous

False

Soon after Stephen was martyred in Jerusalem, Christians began moving out into Greece and Rome, and soon after that Greeks and Romans began complaining that Christian values were bad for non-Christians. What was one of the reasons for those complaints?

Christians refused to sacrifice to Rome’s pagan gods and goddesses

Which of the following best describes the Roman culture’s view of the value of human life?

 Romans had a dismal view of life, with death widespread and culturally acceptable

Which two Roman emperors (who had converted to Christianity) outlawed and banned

gladiatorial contests in approximately 390–404 AD?

Theodosius I and Honorius

Who were directed to build hospices to care for the sick, provide shelter of the poor, and lodge pilgrims?

The Council of Nicaea directed bishops to establish hospices

True or False: Jesus and his followers raised women’s dignity, freedom, and rights to a level

previously unknown in any culture

True

Who was the priority for receiving an education in Greco-Roman culture

Boys from elite families

According to Alfred North Whitehead, what was required for the development of science?

Christianity’s insistence on the rationality of God

 True or False: Kevin Abrams notes that if the Bible is removed as the constellation guiding the American ship of state, the whole edifice of American civilization collapses.

True

True or False: According to historian Carlton Hays, wherever Christian ideals have been

generally accepted and their practice sincerely attempted, there is a dynamic liberty; and

wherever Christianity has been ignored or rejected, persecuted, or chained to the state, there is tyranny

True

Which of the following is NOT a contribution that Christianity has bequeathed to the world?

A glamorization of death