Phlebotomy Information

Epicardum

outer layer of the heart

myocardium

middle layer of the heart

endocardium

inner layer of the heart

Right atrium

it is located in the upper right chamber and it receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle.

Anatomic position

standing erect, feet parallel, arms at the side, eyes and palms facing forward

supine position

position that is mostly to be encountered by phlebotomist. Patient is lying horizontally on the back with the face up

prone

opposite of supine and is not a good position for blood draw

body plane

flat surface resulting from a real or imaginary cut through a body in the normal anatomic position

frontal (coronal) plane

divides body vertically into front and back portions

midsagittal (medial) plane

divides the body vertically into equal right and left portions

sagittal plane

divides the body vertically into right and left portions

transverse plane

divides body horizontally into upper and lower portions

dorsal cavities

in the back of the body and include the cranial cavity and spinal cavity

ventral cavity

in the front of the body and include the thoracic cavity which primarily houses the heart and lungs, the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity

catabolism

destructive process by which complex substances are broken down into simple substances, usually with the release of energy

anabolism

constructive process by which the body converts simple compounds into complex substances needed to carry out the cellular activities of the body

epidermis

outermost and thinnest layer of the skin. it contains no blood (avascular)

dermis

inner layer of the skin and is much thicker and contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, sebaceous, and sudoriferous glands and hair follicles

joint

more than two bones

upper chambers of heart

called atria - receivers

lower chambers of heart

called ventricles - pump and deliver

right atrium

receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it into the right ventricle

right ventricle

receives blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary artery which carries it to the lungs to be oxygenated

left atrium

receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps to left ventricle

left ventricle

receives blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta. its wall are 3 times as thick as those of the right ventricle

septa

separate the right and left sides of the heart

right AV valve

between the right atrium and the right ventricle and it closes when the right ventricle contracts and prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium

left AV valve

between the left atrium and left ventricle and closes when the left ventricle contracts and orevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium

right semilunar valve

located at the entrance to the pulmonary artery and closes when the right ventricle relaxes and prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle

left semilunar valve

located at the entrance to the aorta and closes when the left ventricle relaxes and prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle

antecubital

infront of the elbow and first choice for venipuncture

Leukocytes (WBC)

main function is to destroy pathogens and they are formed in the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue

Erythrocytes (RBC)

most numerous and produced in the bone marrow and last about 120 days

Thrombocytes (platelets)

help in the healing process and are essential to the blood clotting process. life span is about 10 days