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inferences
A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning
author's purpose
the author's intent either to inform/teach, to entertain, or to persuade/convince the audience
theme
the central idea or message that the author wants to convey in the text
context clues
Clues in surrounding text that help the reader determine the meaning of an unknown word
Climax
Most exciting moment of the story; turning point
Exposition
A narrative device, often used at the beginning of a work that provides necessary background information about the characters and their circumstances.
rising action
A series of events that builds from the conflict. It begins with the inciting force and ends with the climax.
falling action
the part of a literary plot that occurs after the climax has been reached and the conflict has been resolved
Resolution
End of the story where loose ends are tied up
Mood
How the reader feels about the text while reading.
Tone
A writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization on the sentence and global levels.
Irony
when the actual meaning is the complete opposite from the literal meaning.
Example: When someone says "I'm fine" but in reality, they are not actually fine.
Plot
Sequence of events in a story
first person point of view
a character in the story is actually telling the story himself/herself, pronoun "I" is used.
second person point of view
The narrator tells the story using the pronouns "You", "Your," and "Yours" to address a reader or listener directly
third person limited
the narrator only knows the thoughts and feelings of one character, told using pronouns "he" or "she" as the narrator is outside of the story
third person omniscient
Point of view in which an all-knowing narrator knows all the thoughts and actions of any or all characters.
Author's Purpose: Inform
the writer is trying to give you new information or teach you something. (textbook, newspaper)
Author's Purpose: Entertain
the author is trying to write something for the reader's enjoyment. examples: novel, short story, play or poem.
author's purpose: persuade
the author is trying to convince the reader to agree or adopt their opinion, belief, or take. examples: (sale letters, campaign speeches, advertisement)
major character
character with a significant role in the action of the story
Protagonist
Main character in a story (example: Katniss, Peeta, Esperanza)
Antagonist
A character or force in conflict with the main character. Example: (Snow, Cato, Tybalt)
flat character
A character who embodies a single quality and who does not develop in the course of a story
example: Lady Capulet
dynamic character
A character who grows, learns, or changes as a result of the story's action
example: Mercutio
static character
A character that does not change from the beginning of the story to the end.
example: Tybalt
thesis statement
a statement or sentence that states the purpose of a paper or essay
hook
The first sentence or question in an essay that is designed to grab the reader's attention
Essay Structure
Introduction: hook & thesis statement, body paragraphs, and conclusion
Thesis Statement Formula
Topic + Claim (opinion)= reasons (evidence)
Foreshadowing
the use of hints and clues to suggest what will happen later in a plot
FANBOYS
coordinating conjunctions for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
Personification
A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes
Simile
A comparison of two unlike things using like or as
Metaphor
A comparison without using like or as
