WHA Final Exam -- Absolutism and Enlightenment v25

Why did Spain’s Philip II try to invade England in 1588?

to end English attacks on Spanish treasure ships and as retribution for punishing England for supporting Protestants who rebelled against his crown.

Louis XIV strengthened the power of the monarchy in France by

centralizing control

"L'État, c'est moi." ("The state, it is me.")—Louis XIV

This quote expresses a belief in

absolute rule by divine right.

Peter the Great waged war against Sweden to: 

gain a warm-water port on the Baltic Sea

Which change is most closely associated with Peter the Great of Russia?

westernization and modernization of the country

One effect of the Thirty Years’ War was

the severe depopulation of Europe, especially in Germany.

Which choice correctly completes the chart?

German states remain divided

Which is a true statement about England’s Commonwealth?

The Commonwealth was a republic in name, but Cromwell ruled as a dictator.

Which of the following was one result of the English Bill of Rights of 1689?

The monarch could not interfere in parliamentary debates.

One way in which Peter the Great, Louis XIV, and Philip II are similar is that each

sought to centralize power by limiting the power of the nobility

• Signing of the Magna Carta
• Signing of the Petition of Right
• Passage of the English Bill of Rights
In England, these events were instrumental in

developing parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness . . .”— The Declaration of Independence

Which Enlightenment thinker most directly influenced the notion expressed in this passage?

John Locke

"Manufacturing and commercial monopolies owe their origin not to a tendency [naturally found in a] capitalist economy but to governmental interventionist policy directed against free trade and laissez-faire."—Ludwig Von Mises, Austrian economist

This quote by a modern economist reflects the ideas which Enlightenment thinkers?

Adam Smith

What statement is most likely to be made by a proponent of natural law and natural rights?

Government does not grant rights; it protects them.

He expanded the idea of the government being a social contract between the government and its people in a book called The Social Contract?

Rousseau

His book Spirit of the Laws suggested a separation of powers into executive, legislative, and judicial branches: 

Montesquieu

Baron de Montesquieu believed that a separation of powers would______________________

prevent tyranny by acting as a check on power

"The only way to erect such a common power, as may be able to defend them from the invasion of foreigners . . . is to confer all their power and strength upon one man, or upon one assembly of men, that may reduce all their wills, by plurality of voices, unto one will . . ."

This quote best reflects the philosophy of_______________

Thomas Hobbes.

And because the condition of man ... is a condition of war of every one against everyone, in which case every one is governed by his own reason, and there is nothing he can make use of that may not be a help unto him in preserving his life against his enemies; it followeth that in such 
a condition every man has a right to every thing, even to one another's body. And consequently it is a precept, or general rule of reason: that every man ought to endeavour peace, as far as he has hope of obtaining it; and when he cannot obtain it, that he may seek and use all helps and advantages of war. The first branch of which rule containeth the first and fundamental law of nature, which is: to seek peace and follow it. The second, the sum of the right of nature, which is: by all means we can defend ourselves.  Thomas Hobbes Leviathan.
1. What is Hobbes’ point of view?
2. Who might use Hobbes writings to support his or her own point of view?

1. People should use whatever means necessary to defend themselves. 

2. A monarch offering protection in exchange 
   for reduced individual rights 

Her A Vindication of the Rights of Woman published in 1792 argued for educational and political opportunities and freedoms for women:

Mary Wollstonecraft

The ideas of Enlightenment philosophers were based on

faith in human reason

One way in which the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment are similar is that both

questioned traditional values and past practices

Why is the Enlightenment considered a turning point in world history?

Europeans changed their thinking about the role of government.