Kinetic Theory of Matter

Peaks, Fall 2021

Kinetic Theory of Matter (KTM)

1. All matter is made up of particles that are
in constant motion.
2. There are spaces between the particles.
The amount of space depends on the
temperature.
3. All of the particles have energy but the amount of energy depends on the temperature.

Temperature

Temperature (Temp or T) is a measure of the
average kinetic energy (KE) of particles.

Kinetic

Motion or Movement

Kinetic Energy (KE)

Energy of motion

Velocity

m/s

Joule

Unit for energy

Force of Attraction (FOA)

-Spaces between the particles. The closer the particles the GREATER the FOA. The farther the particles the LESS the FOA.

Particle Distance (PD)

Gases have a lot of distance between particles. Liquids have some distance between particles which allows them to move past each other. Solids are packed tightly so there is not space between their particles.

Particle Movement (PM)

Gases move violently, bump into each other. Liquids slide past each other. Solids don't move, just vibrate in place.

Melting

Change of state from a solid to a liquid

Freezing

Change from liquid to solid

Evaporation

The change from liquid to gas

Condensation

The change from a gas to a liquid

Sublimation

The change from solid to gas

Deposition

The change from gas to solid

Endothermic reaction

Particles are absorbing heat, forward reactions. (Up on graph/heating curve)

Exothermic reaction

Particles are releasing heat, reverse reactions. (Down on graph/cooling curve)

States of matter

Solid, liquid, and gas. (and plasma)

Solid

-Strong attraction between the particles
-Particles are very close together and neatly arranged
-Particles vibrate in place
Definite shape and definite volume

Liquid

-Moderate attraction between the particles
-Particles still very close together, but not neatly arranged
-Particles are able to slide past each other
Indefinite shape and definite volume

Gas

-Very weak attraction between the particles
-Particles are much further away from each other
-Particles move all around and bump into each other
Indefinite shape and indefinite volume