head and neck muscles

subvertebral muscles

-longus colli
-longus capitis

longus colli function

flexes neck and rotates it to opposite side

longus capitis function

flexes the head

outermost layer of lateral muscles

levator scapulae

levator scapulae function

-elevates scapula
-lateral flexion of neck
-stabilize scapula

external layer of lateral muscles

posterior scalene

posterior scalene function

-lateral flexion of lower cervical vertebrae
-elevates 2nd rib

middle layer of later muscles

middle scalene

middle scalene function

-lateral flexion of cervical vertebrae
-elevates 1st rib

internal layer of lateral muscles

anterior scalene

anterior scalene function

-flexes
-lateral flexes
-rotates cervical vertebrae
-elevates 1st rib

ventral muscles

-sternothyroid
-thyrohyoid
-sternohyoid
-omohyoid
-geniohyoid

sternothyroid function

-depresses the thyroid cartilage
-pulls on larynx

thyrohyoid function

unfixed: depresses hyoid bone
fixed: elevates thyroid cartilage, pulls larynx upward

sternohyoid function

depresses the hyoid bone

omohyoid function

-depresses elevated hyoid bone
-tenses deep cervical fascia during forced inspiration

geniohyoid function

unfixed: elevates hyoid bone
fixed: helps depress mandible