Chemistry GCSE: the Haber process
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Last updated 4:03 PM on 6/2/23
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14 Terms
1
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why is the Haber process carried out?
to produce ammonia which is used to make nitrogen based fertilisers
2
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what are the raw materials used in the Haber process?
nitrogen, hydrogen
3
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where is nitrogen sourced from?
the air, it gets fractionally distilled
4
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where is hydrogen sourced from?
natural gas-the reaction between methane and steam
5
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describe the conditions needed to undergo the Haber process
iron (catalyst), 450C temperature and 200atm pressure
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what type of reaction occurs in the Haber process?
reversible
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what happens after the hydrogen and nitrogen have reacted?
the mixture is cooled and condenses to liquid ammonia which is removed and the remaining hydrogen and nitrogen are recycled
8
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what is the pressure a compromise between?
yield and cost
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what is temperature a compromise between?
yield and rate
10
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why is iron used?
to speed up the rate of reaction and allow it to operate at a lower temperature and pressure so less energy is needed
11
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what is the problem with obtaining nitrogen?
high energy cost for extracting it from other gases in the air by fractional distillation, air has to be cooled to -200c so it condenses
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what is the problem with obtaining hydrogen?
it is expensive to get it from fossil fuels
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how do we improve yield in the Haber process?
high pressure, low temperature, removing ammonia
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how do we improve rate of the Haber reaction?
high pressure, high temperature, iron as a catalyst
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