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Knowledge is a firm asset
Knowledge has different forms
Important dimensions of knowledge:
Organizational Learning
Process in which organizations learn
Knowledge Management
Comprises a range of practices concerned with increasing awareness, fostering learning, speeding collaboration and innovation and exchanging insights
Knowledge Management
Used by organizations to enable individuals, teams, and entire organizations to collectively and systematically create, share, and apply knowledge in order to achieve objectives
Communities of practice
Groups of people with common interests
Organizational network analysis
A technique used for documenting and measuring flows of information among individuals, work groups, organizations, computers, websites, and other information sources
Web 2.0
A term describing the changes in technology and web site design to enhance information sharing, collaboration, and functionality on the web
Business rules management systems
Software used to define, execute, monitor and maintain the decision logic that is used by the operational systems and processes that run the organization
Enterprise search software
The technology to find information within an organization
Enterprise-Wide knowledge management systems
Knowledge work systems
Intelligent Techniques
Major types of KMS
Enterprise-Wide Knowledge management system
General-purpose, integrated, firm wide efforts to collect, store, disseminate, and use digital content and knowledge
Knowledge Work Systems
Specialized workstations and systems that enable scientists, engineers, and other knowledge workers to create and discover new knowledge
Intelligent techniques
Tools for discovering patterns and applying knowledge to discrete decisions and knowledge domains
Structured documents
Semi-structured documents
Unstructured, tacit knowledge
Three major types of knowledge in enterprise:
Enterprise content management system
Help capture, store, retrieve, distribute, and preserve documents, reports and emails
Learning management systems
Provide tools for management, delivery, and assessment of employee learning and training
Massively open online courses (MOOCs)
Web course open to large number of participants
Knowledge work systems
Systems for knowledge workers to help create new knowledge and integrate that knowledge into business
Knowledge workers
Researchers, designers, architects, scientists, engineers who create knowledge for the organization
Jon McCarthy in 1965
Artificial intelligence was proposed by who in what year?
Artificial Intelligence
Involves the attempt to build computer systems that think and act like humans
Turing Test
Attempts to determine whether a computer can successfully impersonate a human
Expert Systems
Hardware and software that stores knowledge and makes inferences, similar to a human expert
Domain Expert
The person or group with the expertise or knowledge the expert system is trying to capture
Knowledge engineer
A person who has training or experience in the design, development, implementation, and maintenance of an expert system
Knowledge user
A person or group who uses and benefits from the expert system
Knowledge base
Set of hundreds or thousands of rules
Inference/rules engine
Strategy used to search knowledge base
Forward chaining
Inference engine begins with information entered by user and searchers base to arrive at conclusion
Backward chaining
Begins with hypothesis and asks user questions until hypothesis is confirmed or disproved
Machine Learning
Uses large data sets with tens to hundreds of millions of data points and automatically find patterns and relationships by analyzing a large set of examples and making a statistical inference
Supervised
The system is trained by providing inputs and outputs identified by humans in advance
Unsupervised
Humans do system examples; processes the development database and report whatever patterns it finds
Neural networks
Find patterns and relationships in massive amount of data too complicated for humans to analyze
Deep Learning
More complex, with many layers of transformation of the input data to produce a target output
Genetic Algorithms
Useful for finding the optimal solution for a specific problem by examining a very large number of alternative solutions for that problem
Natural Language Processing
Makes it possible for a computer to understand and analyze natural language; language that human beings instinctively use, not language specifically formatted to be understood by computers
Computer Vision Systems
Hardware and software that permit computers to capture, store, and manipulate visual images and pictures
Robotics
Deals with the design, construction, operation and use of movable machines that can substitute for humans along with computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing
Intelligent Agents
Work without direct human intervention to carry out specific, repetitive and predictable tasks for use, process or application
Game Theory
A mathematical theory for developing strategies that maximize gains and minimize losses while adhering to a given set of rules and constraints
Assistive technology systems
Wide range of assistive, adaptive, and rehabilitative devices to help people with disabilities perform tasks
Informatics
The combination of information technology with traditional disciplines, while considering the impact on individuals, organizations and society
Biomedical informatics
Develops, studies, and applies theories, method, and processes for the generation, storage, retrieval, use and sharing of biomedical data, information and knowledge
Healthcare informatics
The science of how to use data, information, and technology to improve human health and the delivery of healthcare services
