12PAL: Sections of the Constitution

For Syllabus 1: Separation of Powers in Australia with reference to at least one non-Westminster system.

68

The Governor-General is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces.

64

The Governor-General appoints ministers to run departments in the Commonwealth.

61

Executive power is vested in the King, represented by the Governor-General

57

Details a double dissolution. Where if a bill passes the HOR and does not pass the Senate, then in three months the HOR passes the bill and Senate rejects it again, the GG may dissolve both houses.

51

Outlines the 40 heads of power

71

The judicial power of the Commonwealth shall be vested in the High Court of Australia and other federal courts.

72

Outlines judges’ appointment, tenure and removal.

73

Appellate jurisdiction of the High Court. The HC may hear appeals from lower courts and the HC’s opinion is final and conclusive.

75

Original Jurisdiction of the High Court in certain matters.

Matters arising under treaty and disputes between states.

76

Additional Original Jurisdiction.

Matters arising over the interpretation of the Constitution.

7

1. No original state can have fewer than 6 members in Senate

2. Elected directly by the people

3. Each senator will serve a term of 6 years

24

1. The House of Representatives will be double that of the Senate

2. Chosen directly by the people

3. At least five members from each original state

51ii

Power of Taxation

51xxi

Power of marriage

51xxix

External Affairs

128

The right of the Australian people to change the constitution by means of a nationwide referendum.

63

GG acts on advice of the Federal Executive Council

62

Establishes the Federal Executive Council

28

Allows the GG to dissolve the House of Representatives before their three year term.

51xxiiiA

social services

109

if federal law is inconsistent with a state law, federal law prevails.

52

Federal Parliament has exclusive power to legislate on specific heads with those laws unchallengeable by state courts.

Allows Commonwealth to make laws in regards to public service and the seat of Commonwealth government (ACT)

107

preserves the pre-existing powers of the state, unless said powers are vested in the Commonwealth Parliament through the Constitution

86

on the establishment of the Commonwealth, control of duties of customs and excise would pass exclusively to the Federal government of Commonwealth

90

grants the Commonwealth exclusive power to impose duties of customs and excise, thereby restricting the states’ ability to levy such taxes

58

GG gives royal assent on all bills passed by both houses

50

give each House of Parliament the power to make its own rules and orders, essentially their own process and procedures.