Diet-Related diseases and Special diets

Causes of obesity

Overeating, Lack of exercise, poor nutritional knowledge/eating patterns, low income, busy lifestyles, emotional reasons, medical conditions

Associated health problems with obesity

Heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, diabetes, varicose veins, gout

Treatment of obesity

Maintain a balanced diet, reduce portion sizes, cut down on energy intake, increase daily exercise, plan meals in advance, avoid convenience foods

Types of vegetarianism

Vegans, Lacto-vegetarians

Reasons for vegetarianism

Ethical reasons, health, religion, environmental, preference

Guidelines for vegetarianism

Eggs and cheese, plant-based protein sources, foods fortified with vitamin B12/supplement, iron-rich plant foods

Health problems associated with too much salt

High bloodpressure, coronary heart disease, stroke, fluid retention, kidney damage

Reducing salt intake

No salt on the table, don’t add when cooking, avoid processed foods, salty snacks & cured meats, use low-salt products, study food labels

Health problems associated with too much saturated fat

Coronary heart disease, heart attack, stroke

Reducing saturated fat intake

Avoid high-cholesterol foods, choose low-cholesterol, trim off excess fat, avoid ret meat, grill, bake, steam, microwave, avoid fatty snacks

Increasing fibre intake

Choose wholegrain, high-fibre cereals, eat fruit and veg skins, snack on high fibre foods, drink plenty of water

Health problems associated with too much sugar

Obesity, type 2 diabetes, dental disease

Reducing sugar intake

Avoid junk foods, use artificial sweeteners, choose low-sugar snacks, study food labels

Type 1 diabetes

Usually diagnosed in childhood, hereditary, daily injections needed, pancreas produces little to no insulin

Type 2 diabetes

Associated with being overweight, usually occurs 40+, usually treated by tablets, weight loss and a low sugar diet

Guidelines for diabetes

Follow medical advice, take insulin, monitor blood sugar levels, eat regular meals, high-fibre carbohydrates, maintain a healthy weight

Allergies

Immune systems reacts to particular substances

Intolerances

Can harm long term health

Coeliac disease

Villi of SI damaged by gluten

Lactose intolerance

Lactose cannot be digested