GCSE WJEC Eduqas History: Germany: Terror and persuasion

Name the three Nazi organisations that were brought under the control of Heinrich Himmler, in 1936.

SS, SD and Gestapo

What had membership of the SS and its various bodies grown to by 1939? It had 50000 members in 1934.

250000

By 1939, the Gestapo was the most important police section of the Nazi state. What was its main purpose?

To arrest/imprison those suspected of opposing the state.

When the SD was set up in 1931, what was its main purpose?

To act as the intelligence body of the Nazi Party / to discover enemies

What was the original purpose of concentration camps, when they were first set up?

Detaining politcal opponents

In 1939, how many people were under arrest for political offences?

around 160000

How were prisoners in concentration camps classified?

Different coloured triangles (e.g. red = political prisoner, black = vagrants / work-shy & pink = homosexual)

Give an example of typical work inmates did at concentration camps.

Work in quarries; Building; Coal mines; Armament factories

Name a concentration camp set up before 1940?

Dachau; Buchenwald; Flossenburg; Sachsenhausen; Ravensbruck; Bergen-Belsen; Neuengamme

To ensure that Nazi views were upheld in courts Hitler removed some judges and made the rest become members of what?

National Socialist League for the Maintenance of the Law

When was the German Lawyers Front established? Lawyers had to swear they would, 'strive as German jurists to follow the course of our Führer to the end of our days'.

October 1933

What cases were tried in the People's Court that was established in 1936?

Treason

What did Nazis have to do from 1936?

Wear the swastika and Nazi eagle on their robes.

When was the Ministry for Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda set up by Goebbels, to control beliefs, thoughts and opinions of the German people?

March 1934

What per cent of radio stations did the Nazis control?

All of them

By 1939, what percentage of German families owned a radio?

70%

In 1933, how many films were being made each year? Audiences exceeded 250 million in 1933.

over 100

What is the name of the pro-Nazi film about a boy who breaks away from a communist family, joins Hitler Youth, but is murdered by communists?

Hitlerjunge Quex (1933)

All films were accompanied by a 45-minute official newsreel glorifying Hitler's Germany and Nazi achievements. Which film director produced a documentary about the Nazi Party Conference (1934) (Triumph of the Will) and the Berlin Olympics (1936)?

Leni Riefenstahl

Where was a multi-day, annual mass rally held to advertise the power of the Nazi state? It attracted almost one million people each year.

Nuremberg

What did students in Berlin do in May 1933, encouraged by Goebbels?

Burn 20,000 books written by Jews, communists and anti-Nazi professors.

How many writers such as Thomas Mann and Bertolt Brecht fled Germany in the years up to 1939?

About 2500

By 1935, how many newspapers had the Nazis closed down?

over 1600

What law, passed in October 1933, resulted in the removal of Jewish and left-wing journalists?

Reich Press Law

Why did Hitler ban Jazz music? The Nazis encouraged traditional German folk and the classical music of Wagner, Bach and Beethoven.

He saw it as 'Black music', which was racially inferior.

How did the Nazis encourage people to see plays which often had a political or racial theme?

Selling cheap tickets

Art and architecture had to show the Power of the Third Reich. What other feature did Hitler encourage artists and architects to portray?

Perfect Aryan; Hard work as heroic; Simple peasant life; Women as housewives and mothers; Germany's past-greatness