Muscle Identification

What muscle is this?

Orbicularis Oculi

• Origin: frontal process of the maxilla, lacrimal bone, nasal portion of the frontal bone, medial palpebral ligament and lacrimal sac

• Insertion: lateral palpebral ligament

• Innervation: facial nerve (VII)

• Action: closes the eyelids and moves the eyebrows

What muscle is this?

Occipitofrontalis Muscle

• Origin:

  • Frontal Belly: skin of the forehead and muscles of the forehead, procerus, superciliary, and orbicularis oculi

  • Occipital Belly: supreme nuchal line

• Insertion: Galea aponeurotica

• Innervation: Facial nerve (VII)

• Action: Scalp movement

What muscle is this?

Corrugator Supercilli Muscle

• Origin: medial end of superciliary arches, and fibers of the orbicularis oculi muscle

• Insertion: skin above the middle of the supraorbital margin

• Innervation: Temporal branches of facial nerve (CN VII)

• Action: Creates vertical wrinkles over glabella

What muscle is this?

Procerus Muscle

• Origin: Nasal bone and lateral nasal cartilage

• Insertion: Skin of the glabella

• Innervation: Facial nerve (VII)

• Action: Depresses the eyebrows and forehead

What muscle is this?

Transverse Part of Nasalis

• Origin: Alveolar eminence of the canine

• Insertion: lateral nasal cartilage and aponeurosis of the bridge of the nose

• Innervation: Facial nerve (VII)

• Action: Depression of the nasal septum

What muscle is this?

Alar Part of Nasalis

• Origin: Alveolar eminence of the lateral incisor

• Insertion: Wings of the nose and edges of the nostril

• Innervation: Facial nerve (VII)

• Action: Wing cartilage abductor, expansion of the nostrils

What muscle is this?

Depressor Septi Nasi Muscle

• Origin: Alveolar eminence of the medial incisor

• Insertion: Greater alar cartilage and septal cartilage

• Innervation: Facial nerve (VII)

• Action: Nasal septum depression

What muscle is this?

Orbicularis Oris

• Origin: Lateral to the angle of the mouth

• Insertion: Mucous membrane of the lips

• Innervation: Facial nerve (VII)

• Action: Closes and protrudes the lips

What is this muscle?

Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi

• Origin: Frontal process of the maxilla

• Insertion: Wings of the nose and upper lip

• Innervation: Facial nerve (VII)

• Action: Elevator of the upper lip and wings of the nose

What is this muscle?

Levator Labii Superioris

• Origin: Infraorbital edge and zygomatic process of the maxilla

• Insertion: Upper lip

• Innervation: Facial nerve (VII)

• Action: Elevator of the upper lip

What is this muscle?

Levator Anguli Oris

• Origin: Canine fossa of the maxilla

• Insertion: Angle of the mouth

• Innervation: Facial nerve (VII)

• Action: Elevator of the labial commissure

What is this muscle?

Zygomaticus Minor

• Origin: Zygomatic bone, near the zygomaticomaxillary suture

• Insertion: Upper lip and angle of the mouth

• Innervation: Facial nerve (VII)

• Action: Levator and abductor of the middle part of the upper lip

What is this muscle?

Zygomaticus Major

• Origin: Zygomatic bone, near the zygomaticotemporal suture

• Insertion: Upper lip and angle of the mouth

• Innervation: Facial nerve (VII)

• Action: Elevator and abductor of the labial commissure

What is this muscle?

Risorius Muscle

• Origin: Parotidomasseteric fascia

• Insertion: Angle of the mouth

• Innervation: Facial nerve (VII)

• Action: Abductor of the labial commissure

What is this muscle?

Depressor Anguli Oris

• Origin: Base of the mandible, inferior to the mental foramen

• Insertion: Lips and labial commissure

• Innervation: Facial nerve (VII)

• Action: Depressor of the labial commissure

What is this muscle?

Depressor Labii Inferioris

• Origin: Mandibular base and inferomedial region to the mental foramen

• Insertion: Lower lip

• Innervation: Facial nerve (VII)

• Action: Depressor of the lower lip

What is this muscle?

Mentalis

• Origin: Alveolar eminence of the lower lateral incisor

• Insertion: Skin of the chin

• Innervation: Facial nerve (VII)

• Action: Elevation of the chin and protrusion of the lower lip

What is this muscle?

Buccinator

• Origin: Mandible, pterygomandibular raphe, and alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible

• Insertion: Angle of the mouth

• Innervation: Facial nerve (VII)

• Action: Presses cheek against the molar teeth (aids in chewing), expels air between lips

What is this muscle?

Platysma

• Origin: Subcutaneous cellular tissue of the subclavicular and acromial regions

• Insertion: Inferior border of the mandible, skin of the mentonian region, and mandibular oblique line

• Innervation: Facial nerve (VII)

• Action: Lowering of the mandible and labial commissures (in expressions of tension or stress), tightens the skin of the cervical region releasing pressure from the superficial veins

What muscle is this?

Auricularis Anterior

• Origin: Temporal fascia

• Insertion: Helix major (anterior)

• Innervation: Temporal branch of the facial nerve (VII)

• Action: Pulls the ear anteriorly

What muscle is this?

Auricularis Superior

• Origin: Temporal fascia

• Insertion: Helix major (superior)

• Innervation: Posterior auricular nerve of the facial nerve (VII)

• Action: Pulls the ear superiorly

What muscle is this?

Auricularis Posterior

• Origin: Mastoid process

• Insertion: Helix major (posterior)

• Innervation: Posterior auricular nerve of the facial nerve (VII)

• Action: Pulls the ear posteriorly

What muscle is this?

Temporoparietalis

• Origin: Helix and auricular muscles

• Insertion: Galea aponeurotica

• Innervation: Facial nerve (VII)

• Action: Helps with facial gestures

What muscle is this?

Temporalis

• Origin: Temporal fossa

• Insertion: Coronoid process of the mandible

• Innervation: Deep temporal nerves (branches of mandibular nerve V3)

• Action: Elevation and retraction of the mandible

What muscle is this?

Masseter muscle

• Origin: Zygomatic arch

• Insertion: Branch of the mandible

• Innervation: Masseteric nerve (branch of mandibular nerve V3)

• Action:

  • Bilateral Contraction: elevation and protraction of the mandible

  • Unilateral Contraction: moves the mandible ipsilaterally

What muscle is this?

Deep part of masseter muscle

What muscle is this?

Superficial part of masseter muscle

What muscle is this?

Medial pterygoid muscle

• Origin: Pterygoid fossa and lateral lamina of the pterygoid process

• Insertion: Angle of the mandible

• Innervation: Medial pterygoid nerve (branch of mandibular nerve V3)

• Action:

  • Bilateral Contraction: elevation and protraction of the mandible

  • Unilateral Contraction: displaces the mandible contralaterally

What muscle is this?

Lateral pterygoid muscle

• Origin: Infratemporal crest and external surface of the lateral lamina of the pterygoid process

• Insertion: Articular disc and condylar process of the mandible

• Innervation: Lateral pterygoid nerve (branch of mandibular nerve V3)

• Action:

  • Bilateral Contraction: Initiates mouth opening movement (protraction of the mandible)

  • Unilateral Contraction: Displaces the mandible contralaterally

What muscle is this?

Levator veli palatini muscle

• Origin: Petrosal part of the temporal bone and cartilage of the auditory tube

• Insertion: Palatine aponeurosis

• Innervation: Pharyngeal plexus (IX and X)

• Action: Tightens and elevates the soft palate, narrows the isthmus of fauces and opens the lumen of the auditory tube

What muscle is this?

Uvulae muscle

• Origin: Palatine aponeurosis

• Insertion: Uvula stroma

• Innervation: Pharyngeal plexus (X)

• Action: Elevates the uvula

What muscle is this?

Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor

• Origin:

• Insertion:

• Innervation:

• Action:

What muscle is this?

Tensor veli palatini muscle

• Origin: Sphenoid spine and auditory tube

• Insertion: Palatine aponeurosis

• Innervation: Nerve of the tensor veli palatini muscle (branch of the mandibular nerve)

• Action: Tightens the soft palate and opens the lumen of the auditory tube

What muscle is this?

Transverse muscle of the tongue

• Origin: Lingual septum and lateral border of tongue

• Insertion: Lateral edge of the tongue and lingual aponeurosis

• Innervation: Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

• Action: Narrows and elongates the tongue

What muscle is this?

Palatoglossus muscle

• Origin: Palatine aponeurosis

• Insertion: Intrinsic muscles (intertwined especially with the transverse lingualis muscle)

• Innervation: Hypoglossal nerve (XII), vagus nerve (X), and cranial root of accessory nerve (XI)

• Action: Elevates the base of the tongue and depresses the palate, while producing a narrowing of the isthmus of the fauces

What muscle is this?

Superior longitudinal muscle of the tongue

• Origin: Lingual apex

• Insertion: Lingual root

• Innervation: Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

• Action: Retracts, thickens, and curves the tongue

What muscle is this?

Inferior longitudinal muscle of the tongue

• Origin: Lingual apex

• Insertion: Lingual root

• Innervation: Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

• Action: Retracts, thickens, and curves the tongue

What muscle is this?

Vertical muscle of the tongue

• Origin: Submucosal tissue of the dorsum of the tongue

• Insertion: Submucosal tissue of the most ventral areas of the tongue

• Innervation: Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

• Action: Flattens and thickens the tongue

What muscle is this?

Hyoglossus muscle

• Origin: Hyoid

• Insertion: Lingual aponeurosis

• Innervation: Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

• Action: Retracts and depresses the dorsum and base of the tongue

What muscle is this?

Styloglossus muscle

• Origin: Styloid process of the temporal bone

• Insertion: Lateral wall of the pharynx

• Innervation: Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

• Action: Elevates the pharynx

What muscle is this?

Genioglossus muscle

• Origin: Superior mental spine of the mandible

• Insertion: Lingual aponeurosis

• Innervation: Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

• Action: Protrusion and depression of the tongue (participates in tip movements)

What muscle is this?

Palatopharyngeus

• Origin: Palatine aponeurosis and hook of the pterygoid process

• Insertion: Lateroposterior wall of the pharynx and thyroid cartilage

• Innervation: Pharyngeal branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

• Action: Narrows the isthmus of fauces and lowers the soft palate

What muscle is this?

Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor

• Origin: Pterygoid process and hook, pterygomandibular raphe, mylohyoid line, and lingual transverse muscle

• Insertion: Pharyngobasilar membrane and pharyngeal raphe

• Innervation: Pharyngeal branches of glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

• Action: Narrows the pharynx and promotes the alimentary bolus into the esophagus

What muscle is this?

Medial Pharyngeal Constrictor

• Origin: Hyoid

• Insertion: Pharyngeal raphe

• Innervation: Pharyngeal branches of glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) and vagus nerve (X)

• Action: Narrows the pharynx and promotes the alimentary bolus into the esophagus

What muscle is this?

Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor

• Origin: Thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage and trachea

• Insertion: Pharyngeal raphe

• Innervation: Pharyngeal branches of vagus nerve (X)

• Action: Narrows the pharynx and promotes the alimentary bolus into the esophagus

What muscle is this?

Cricopharyngeus muscle

• Origin: Middle pharyngeal raphe

• Insertion: Cricoid cartilage

• Innervation: Pharyngeal plexus and pharyngeal branches vagus nerve (X)

• Action: Upper esophageal sphincter

What muscle is this?

Salpingopharyngeus muscle

• Origin: Cartilage of the auditory tube

• Insertion: Lateral wall of the pharynx

• Innervation: Pharyngeal branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

• Action: Elevates the pharynx and opens the auditory tube

What muscle is this?

Stylopharyngeus muscle

• Origin: Styloid process of the temporal bone

• Insertion: Lateral wall of the pharynx

• Innervation: Branch of the stylopharyngeus muscle of the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

• Action: Elevates the pharynx

What muscle is this?

Geniohyoid muscle

• Origin: Inferior mental spine

• Insertion: Hyoid

• Innervation: C1 through hypoglossal nerve (XII)

• Action:

  • Fixed Mandible: elevates and moves the hyoid forward

  • Fixed Hyoid: depresses and retracts the mandible

What muscle is this?

Mylohyoid muscle

• Origin: Mylohyoid line of the jaw

• Insertion: Hyoid

• Innervation: Mylohyoid nerve (branch of mandibular nerve V3)

• Action: Supports and elevates the floor of the mouth, elevates and moves forward the hyoid

What muscle is this?

Posterior Belly of the Digastric muscle

• Origin: Mastoid process

• Insertion: Intermediate tendon

• Innervation: Facial nerve (VII)

• Action: Elevates the hyoid, depresses the mandible

What muscle is this?

Anterior Belly of the Digastric muscle

• Origin: Digastric fossa of the mandible

• Insertion: Intermediate tendon

• Innervation: Mylohyoid nerve (branch of mandibular nerve V3)

• Action: Elevates the hyoid, depresses the mandible

What muscle is this?

Stylohyoid muscle

• Origin: Styloid process of the temporal bone

• Insertion: Hyoid

• Innervation: Facial nerve (VII)

• Action: Elevates the hyoid in a posterosuperior direction

What muscle is this?

Omohyoid muscle

• Origin: Superior border of the scapula

• Insertion: Hyoid

• Innervation: Ansa cervicalis (branch of hypoglossal nerve XII and of C1, C2, and C3)

• Action: Descends the hyoid and larynx during swallowing and phonation

What muscle is this?

Thyrohyoid muscle

• Origin: Oblique line of the thyroid cartilage

• Insertion: Hyoid

• Innervation: Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

• Action: Depresses the hyoid and larynx during swallowing and phonation

What muscle is this?

Sternohyoid muscle

• Origin: Posterior aspect of the sternum, adjacent areas on the clavicle and posterior sternoclavicular ligament

• Insertion: Hyoid

• Innervation: Ansa cervicalis (branch of hypoglossal nerve XII and of C1, C2, and C3)

• Action: Depresses the hyoid and larynx during swallowing and pronation

What muscle is this?

Sternothyroid muscle

• Origin: Posterior aspect of the sternal manubrium and adjacent area of the first costal cartilage

• Insertion: Oblique line of the thyroid cartilage

• Innervation: Ansa cervicalis (branch of hypoglossal nerve XII and of C1, C2, and C3)

• Action: Depresses the hyoid and larynx during swallowing and phonation

What muscle is this?

Sternocleidomastoid

• Origin: Long tendon on the anterior aspect of the sternum, short tendon on the superior border of the sternal third of the clavicle

• Insertion: Mastoid and superior nuchal line

• Innervation: Accessory nerve (XI)

• Action:

  • Bilateral Contraction: extension of atlantooccipital joint and first cervical vertebrae, flexion of the last cervical vertebrae, elevation of the clavicle and sternum during inspiration

  • Unilateral Contraction: flexion, lateral flexion, and contralateral rotation of the head

What muscle is this?

Scalenus Anterior

• Origin: Anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third to sixth cervical vertebrae

• Insertion: 1st rib (tubercle of the anterior scalene muscle)

• Innervation: Direct branches from the cervical and brachial plexuses

• Action:

  • Bilateral Contraction: neck flexion, elevates the first rib during inspiration

  • Unilateral Contraction: flexion and contralateral rotation of the cervical spine

What muscle is this?

Scalenus Medius

• Origin: Anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae

• Insertion: 1st rib (posterior to the groove of the subclavian artery)

• Innervation: Direct branches from the cervical and brachial plexuses

• Action:

  • Bilateral Contraction: neck flexion, elevates the first rib during inspiration

  • Unilateral Contraction: flexion and contralateral rotation of the cervical spine

What muscle is this?

Scalenus Posterior

• Origin: Posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae

• Insertion: 2nd rib

• Innervation: Direct branches from the cervical and brachial plexus

• Action:

  • Bilateral Contraction: neck flexion, elevates the first two ribs during inspiration

  • Unilateral Contraction: flexion and contralateral rotation of the cervical spine

What muscle is this?

Longus Capitis

• Origin: Anterior tubercles of the third to sixth cervical vertebrae

• Insertion: Basilar portion of the occipital bone

• Innervation: Direct branches from the cervical plexus

• Action:

  • Bilateral Contraction: flexion of the neck and head

  • Unilateral Contraction: contralateral rotation of the neck and head

What muscle is this?

Rectus Capitis Anterior

• Origin: Transverse process of the atlas

• Insertion: Basilar portion of the occipital bone

• Innervation: Ventral branches from the cervical plexus

• Action: Flexion of the occipitoatlantoid joint

What muscle is this?

Longus Colli

• Origin: Tendon of the bodies of the last cervical and first thoracic vertebrae, anterior tubercles of the first cervical vertebrae, lateral surface of the bodies of the first thoracic vertebrae

• Insertion: Bodies of the first thoracic vertebrae, anterior tubercles of the atlas, and body of the first cervical vertebrae, lateral surface of the bodies of the first thoracic vertebrae

• Innervation:

• Action:

  • Bilateral Contraction: neck and head flexion

  • Unilateral Contraction: lateral flexion of the head, lateral creaneal portion ipsilaterally rotates the neck, caudal lateral portion rotates the neck contralaterally

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