Chapter 16

Acquired Immunity

Acquired Immunity

antibodies are produced within the person and it is long lasting protection

two types: natural and artificial

Agammaglobulinemia

an inherited disorder in which patients lack ability to produce antibodies

Allergen

a substance that causes an allergic response

Anaphylaxis

results from the release of chemical mediators from basophils

Antigen-antibody complex

an antibody combined with an antigen and is capable of activating the complement cascade

Antigen

foreign organic substances that stimulate the production of antibodies

Attenuated Vaccine

made with a pathogen that been weakened or made harmless

B cells

function to produce antibodies against antigens

Cell mediated immunity

involves a variety of cell types, with antibodies playing only a minor role, if any

Conjugate vaccine

vaccine in which combines a weak antigen with a strong antigen

Delayed type hypersensitivity reactions

• also known as type IV

• part of cell mediated immunity

• prime mode of defense against intracellular bacteria and fungi

DNA vaccine

Humoral Immunity

glycoproteins called antibodies are produced by B cells to destroy specific microbes

Hybridoma

made by combining a single plasma cell and a rapidly dividing tumor cell

Hypersensitivity Reactions

overly sensitive or reactive immune system

Immediate type hypersensitivity reactions

Immunity

Immunosupressed person

Immunocompetent person

Immunodiagnostic procedures

detects either antigens or antibodies in clincial specimens

Immunoglobulins

• antibodies are a class of glycoproteins

• There are five types: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM

Immunology

scientific study of the immune system and immune responses

Inactivated vaccine

made with a pathogen that has been killed and is less effective than live vaccines

Monoclonal antibodies

• large amounts of specific antibodies produced by hybridomas

Natural Killer (NK) cell

• lack typical T or B cell surface markers

• kill target cells

Plasma cell

Primary response

• the initial immune response to an antigen

• some b cells become memory cells

Regulatory T cells

Secondary response

increased production of antibodies following the second exposure to a particular antigen

T cells

3 categories of T cells:

1. helper

2. cytotoxic

3. regulatory

T-dependent antigens

T cells are required in their processing

T-independent antigens

the processing of these requires only B cells

Toxoid vaccine

made from a toxin that has been made harmless

Vaccine

a material that can artificially induce immunity