Chapter 6 - Morphology

What is morphology?

The study of basic elements of word form in a language. These elements are “morphemes”

What are morphemes?

A morpheme is a minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function.

What are free morphemes?

Morphemes that can stand alone as individual words

What are bound morphemes?

Bound morphemes cannot stand alone, and must be attached to another form.

All affixes are bound morphemes. True or False?

True

All stems are free morphemes. True or false?

False

There can exist one stem in each word. True or False

False

What are stems?

The base form of a word to which bound morphemes can be attached to

• Free stem

• Bound stem: -ceive (in receive, deceive), -duce (in deduce, introduce), -struct (in construct), -peat (in repeat), -quire (require), -pute (dispute), -mote (promote), -gust (disgust)

Which type of morpheme is treated as “open class word”?

Lexical morphemes

Which type of morpheme is treated as “close class word”?

Functional morpheme

What word class can be lexical morphemes?

• noun

• adjective

• adverb

• lexical verb (lưu ý KHÔNG TÍNH modal verb & auxiliary verb)

What is lexical morphemes?

Morphemes that carry the message we want to convey

What is are functional morphemes?

Morphemes perform grammatical functions

(determiners, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary verbs, etc.)

Ex: the, him, I, on

Bound morphemes can be divided into:

derivational & inflectional morpheme

_________: make new words or words of a different grammatical category.

_________: indicate aspects of grammatical function of a word

derivational morphemes => make new word or word of a different grammatical category.

inflectional morphemes => indicate aspects of grammatical function of a word

English has ___ inflectional morphemes. List them

8 inflectional morphemes:

• Noun: -s; -’s;

• Verb: -s, -ing; -ed, -en

• Adjective: -er, -est

Does the morpheme -ly in “slowly” an inflectional or derivational morpheme?

Derivational morpheme (đổi word class từ adj → adv)

(lưu ý -ly trong adverb là derivational morpheme)

Inflectional morphemes can never change a grammatical category or word class of a word. True or False?

True

(Inflectional morphemes only indicate grammatical function)

If a word contains both derivational and inflectional morphemes, derivational morphemes always come before inflectional morphemes. True or False?

True

What are morphs?

Actual forms that is used to realized morphemes