Chapter 8: Excretion - Urinary System

What is the final structure that urine passes through before exiting the human body?

Urethra

What role does the urinary stem play in osmoregulation?

It balances water and electrolyte levels

What structural feature helps birds eliminate waste with minimal water loss?

Use of uric acid

Which vertebrate group typically excretes uric acid to conserve water?

Birds

What is the main advantage of excreting uric acid over ammonia for terrestrial invertebrates?

It requires minimal water for excretion

Which structure in invertebrates is NOT primarily used for nitrogen excretion?

Contractile vacuole

Which of the following best explains why freshwater mollusks reabsorb salts during urine formation?

To retain essential ions in a dilute environment

Which part of the nephron is most involved in creating a concentration gradient for water reabsorption?

Loop of Henle

Which organ in the vertebrate urinary system is responsible for filtering blood and producing urine?

Kidney

What system regulates blood pressure and filtration rate in the kidneys

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)

Which hormone increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the kidney?

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

The coxal gland, found in some arthropods like arachnids, is most functionally similar to ______

Kidneys in vertebrates

Which of the following invertebrates is most likely to excrete waste primarily as urea?

Earthworm

What is the primary nitrogenous waste excreted by mammals?

Urea

Which of the following correctly describes the primary function of the contractile vacuole in freshwater protists like Paramecium?

To regulate water content and prevent cell bursting

Which waste product is typically associated with aquatic invertebrates due to its high solubility and toxicity

Ammonia

What is a distinguishing feature of the Malpighian tubule system in insects?

It concentrates waste into uric acid with minimal water loss

What is the main function of the glomerulus in the nephron?

Filtration of blood

In which part of the nephron does most reabsorption of water and solutes occur?

Proximal convoluted tube

The nephridium in annelids like earthworms plays what key role in excretion?

Filters body fluid and reabsorbs useful solutes

What structure carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Ureter

In mollusks, where is the filtered waste from the renal gland typically excreted?

Into the mantle cavity for expulsion

Which of the following is the correct order of urine flow in the human urinary system?

Kidney —> Ureter —> Bladder —> Urethra

Which type of kidney is functional in adult amniotes?

Metanephros

Which vertebrate group lacks a urinary bladder in most species?

Birds