Pupil's sexual gender identities

Double standards?

Lees says that boys boast about sexual conquest but at the same time will call a girl a ‘slag’ and label them negatively about their promiscuity. Approved by male peers and ignored by teachers. EG man who leaves his children is doing it for his family, but a woman is selfish.

Verbal abuse?

Link to Lees. In education they praise boys for the basics, normalised for them to misbehave - uniform policy. Connell says that ‘rich vocab abuse’ is a way in which dominant gender and sexual identities are reinforced = boys use name calling to put girls down. Paetcher says these labels help shape gender identities and norms and values around gender => maintain male power. They police each other's sexual identities.

Male Gaze?

[made for men by men] Mac and Ghaill say that teachers see girls as sexual objects and make judgements on appearance. They are a form of surveillance and the dominant heterosexual identities are reinforced and femininity is devalued. Boys like to prove their masculinity by telling friends about sexual conquests (if they don’t they run the risk of being labelled in ways like being called gay). It is relevant to education as it shows its normalisation in schools and work and this carrying over causes women in wider society to think behaviour is normal. 

Everyday Sexism Project - sexual harassment in workplace of women = 52% all had experienced it 

¼ women experienced unwanted touching and ⅘ didn’t report it.

Male peer group?

Epstein and Willis = show boys in anti-school subcultures often accuse boys who want to do well of being gay/effeminate => discourages them.

Social class links heavily to gender as w/c boys who achieve are judged and even m/c boys feel this too => schools struggle to overcome these issues due to overlap. 

Mac and Ghaill = study that found peer groups reproduce class based identities. Macho-lads are w/c boys who judged the w/c boys who worked hard calling anthem 'dickhead achievers’ and m/c boys called ‘real englishmen’ even though some had to work hard ‘on the quiet’

Hegemonic masculinity?

Dominance of heterosexual masculine identity and the subordination of female and gay identities. (Connell) - this causes the issues above.

What did Laura Bates discuss in her TED talk?

Despite equality laws women are still victims of inequality and still impacts school and wider society. Underrepresentation = women can legally work but forgets stereotypes/values remain = fewer than 1 in 10 engineers in the UK are female.

AO3 for pupil’s sexual gender identities?

These developments of sexual identities may develop at home making it harder for schools to tackle the issues and also due to its spread. Especially if combined with social class = even more difficult

OFSTED reports

Sexual harassment has become commonplace. 90% girls and 50% sent explicit images.

92% girls and 74% boys said sexist name calling happens a lot