Land Use Planning Exam 1

Purpose of Planning

to achieve the optimal use of resources (natural & cultural) for an ever-increasing population

Levels of Planning

Local, Regional, and National

John Muir

Preservationist: 1st National Park - Yellowstone

Frederick Law Olmstead

Parks Movement: public green space, social vision

Ebenezer Howard

Garden City: green spaces, compact development

Ian McHarg

Design with Nature: overlays & GIS

Patrick Geddes

Regional Planning: contributions (surveys, civic exhibition, public participation, synoptic approach)

Daniel Burnham

City Beautiful Movement: “make no little plans…”

Rachel Carson

Environmental Protection Movement: Silent Spring

Sprawl

Land development that is: Land-consumptive, Dispersed, Auto-dependent and energy inefficient, Breeding physical inactivity and obesity, Swallowing farmland, forest, and wildlife habitat, Not sustainable, Irresponsible

What problems result from increasing impervious surfaces?

Runoff (non point-source pollution)

Frank Lloyd Wright

Broadacre City: minimum of 1 acre per person, antisocial, auto-oriented, rural, ENCOURAGES URBAN SPRAWL

Government Encouraging Sprawl

Highways and subsidized mortgages, zoning that does not allow for compact cities

Changes that affected planning after industrialization

Rural to urban migration, mass production, concentration of labor in cities, increase in pollution/waste disposal, suburbanization caused by gross cities

Changes that affected planning post WWII

Systems approach and use of computer models, faster problem solving, sprawl/automobiles/suburbs, desire for TND, energy crisis in 70s (compact development and public transportation), environmental planning for sustainability (beginnings in planning for public health), urbanization, citizen participation (collaborative environmental planning)

Sustainable Development

the paths of economic, social, environmental, and political progress that aim to meet the needs of today without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs

What are the 5 E’s?

Economy, Environment, social Equity, Engagement, and Eternity

Hazard

something that could cause harm

Risk

the chance (statistical probability) that a hazard will cause harm

Planning process

1. Inventory (what do we have?)

2. Needs assessment (problems, objectives, priorities)

3. Formulating (strategies, plans, programs)

4. Implementation and Monitoring (trial and error)

Smart Growth

Land development and conservation strategies that are Livable and healthy, Compact and dense, Mixed-use, Walkable neighborhoods, Transit oriented with transportation choices, Preserve open space and green places, Foster community collaboration

New Urbanism

Urban transect, Ecological Compatibility, Rural character, Regional City

What is CNU?

Congress for the New Urbanism: restoration, reconfiguration, conservation, and preservation

“Vision Thing”

planning to prepare for the future, comprehensive planning, community visioning, scenario development

3 types of shared capital

Social, political, and intellectual

Social Capital

a community’s stock of social trust, networks,
and civic experience, upon which people draw to solve
problems collectively

Political Capital

capacity for organization and influence necessary to achieve results in the political process (political power)

Intellectual Capital

collective knowledge of problems and potential solutions

What is collaborative learning?

Preventing disagreements caused by assumptions and lack of knowledge

Collaborative learning methods

Learning networks, joint fact finding, participatory appraisal, digital democracy and electronic networks, and open source planning and crowdsourcing

Objectives of Collaborative Environmental
Planning

Resolve conflict, develop a shared vision, formulate creative solutions

Resolving conflict

Some collaborative efforts aim to engage stakeholders in a process of resolving conflicts among them through negotiation and mediation.

Developing a shared vision

Some collaborative efforts intend for the stakeholders to come up with a vision or direction that they can agree to and buy into.

Formulating creative solutions

All collaborative efforts hope to use dialogue and group processes to develop creative solutions that may not have emerged from traditional planning exercises.

Legal basis for planning in Kentucky

KRS Chapter 100

Murray comprehensive plan required elements

Base study (research), land use (relationship between citizens and land), transportation (best patterns of transport for citizens), community facilities (schools, parks and rec, hospitals, etc. used by the public)

What is the Murray Urban Services Area?

includes all of the area within the Murray city limits and portions of Calloway County adjacent to the city limits that are served by city water and wastewater utilities; Murray has an agreement with Calloway County that allows it to exercise extraterritorial jurisdiction for land development activities within a four-mile radius from the intersection of 12th Street and Main Street.

Murray zoning code purpose

To minimize conflicts between land uses

Dimensional variance

A departure from the terms of the zoning ordinance pertaining to height or width of structures and size of yards and open spaces, where such departure will not be contrary to the public interest, and where owing to conditions peculiar to the property because of its size, shape or topography and not as a result of the actions of the applicant, the literal enforcement of the zoning ordinance would result in unnecessary and undue hardship.

Mixed use development

The development of a tract of land and/or structure with two (2) or more uses of different land use categories. Such developments include, but are not limited to, combination of residential, office, retail, public entertainment, and/or manufacturing uses in a compact urban form such as an office or research park.

GIS

Geographic Information System: used to store, manage, analyze, edit, output, and visualize geographic data

Brownfield

land that is abandoned or underutilized due to pollution from industrial use

Nonpoint source pollution

diffuse contamination of water or air that does not originate from a single discrete source, making it hard to pinpoint

Impervious surface

A surface that does not absorb water. Buildings, parking areas, driveways, roads, sidewalks, and any surface of concrete or asphalt are impervious surfaces.