Chapter 20 :Renaissance Art in 15th cent Italy

What is linear perspective

mathematical depiction of receding space, posed to align with implied lines that converge at a single point on the horizon

Filippo Brunelleschi DOME OF FLORENCE CATHEDRAL (SANTA MARIA DEL FIORE)
1420-1436; lantern completed 1471. [

13th to 14th cent, envisioning a tall done with interior crossing but lacked engineering until Fillipo came along·     

Over 6 centuries the stones support the cupola of Florence  , built and designed in 1419.

·      Many ppl did not want the challenge until Fillipo Brunlleschi came along.

·      Fillipo overcame great odds

·      He was a master of many trades,at 14 was a goldsmith in the silk guild . He was an amzing artist alongside Lorenzo Ghierti and Donatello.

·      In 1401 he was in a competteition to creat bronze doors of the Florence baptesery, against Lorenzo. Competetion was a tie and Fillipo declined and left for rome. 1409 he came back and had a depper itesrt of creativity. He built watches and other inventions.

·      1414 he was removed from a gathering upon a statement stating he will built the Cupola without central scaffolding

·      Later a new competition cam and fillipo have a second chnace

·      29 thousand tons of stone brick ad iron into construction

·      Over 70 million brick custome made

·      No scientific resources at the time only a pencil and string

·      Had a unhot Mint in the cupola’s lantern. Creaig the largest sun dial recalculating the summer solstice and recalcuting trade routes

·      Invented a hoist to lift the load

·      Slow meticulous procees for giving ideas

·      Took 16 years to build

·      Cupola provided thinking and bulwark for next generation artist and.

·      24 karat gold ball and cross remind of us as technology nd ingenuity at any ages helps man kind advance

·      Hs genious bring in creativity of others

 

How was the iggest dome built videos

 

Book

·      Builders envisioen tall done but did not have the engineering knowledge to comelet it until Filippo came

·      He solved the problem which many thought to be impossible

·      Travlled to rome to further his education in roman sculptor and architecture

·      His return he tackled the dome

·      Design dome in 1417-buolt from·      Revolutionary of enginnering

·      Octonagle outer shell supported on 8 large and 16 lighter ribs

·      He came up with a semi perment system in which eliminated the need for scaffolds.

·      Iner and outer shells linked with a system of arches.

·      Oculus in the center was topped with lantern.

·      Michelozzo di Bartolomeo help build and Andrea del Verrocchio added gilt bronze ball

·      Commision came to Filipo after his fame rose, having involvement with other projects like the foundling hospital for the city

he also created OSPEDALE DEGLI INNOCENTI and SACRIFICE OF ISAAC

what is a pietra serena and glazing

a gray tuscan sand stone , against plain white walls

glazing seen on terra cottas with baby

ex: ospedale degli

what is palazzo and rusticated and sgraffito

palazzo=any large house”palace”

rusticated=blocks with outer faces left rough

sgraffito=decoration produced by scratching through a darker layer of plaster or glaze

ex: Brunelleschi , the medici palace

This was italy’s time of what artwork?

realism

what is orsanmichele

a new loggia for grain market

Lorenzo Ghiberti "GATES OF PARADISE" (EAST BAPTISTERY DOORS)
Formerly on the Baptistery of San Giovanni, Florence. 1425-1452.
Gilt bronze,

Lorenzo Ghiberti JACOB AND ESAU, PANEL OF THE "GATES OF PARADISE"
(EAST BAPTISTERY DOORS)
Formerly on the Baptistery of San Giovanni, Florence. c. 1435.
Gilded bronze,

scenes from hibre bible starting with creation, the muder of Abel by his brother cain on upper right

next row: left: flood and drunkeness of Noah, abraham sacrificing Isaac

next row: jacob and Esau, joseph sold into slavery by his brother

next row:moses receiving tablet of the law, joshua and the fall of jerocho

next row: david and Goliath, solomon and the queen sheba

Ghiberti placed himself in lower right corner of jacob and Esau panel

door:Bronze doors for Florentine baptistery after winning competition after Brunelleschi. Commision for other doors for east side facing cathedral, then hos first set was moved to north side.

new doors funded by wool manufacturing guild was a conceptual leap from earlier doors

departing from old arragement it was new from Hebrew bible”from the creation of Solomon”, rectangle like paintings.

Angelo reffers them as”GATES OF PARADISE”

10 Square relief, all linear perspective with orthogonal line or by backrgound

foreground figure in lower 3rd of panel, other figures decresing in size

system perspective helped narrative within a frame

Smaller panel: center of left door,

coherent + measurable with ppl and idealized figure

one-point perspective for architectural setting

squre on pavemnt help receding lines where vanishing point found under loggia, towering arched overlap and diminidhing wit size

story in different series

-rooftop rebecca stand listening to god: then under left arch gives birth to twins

-Esau sells sells his rights to brother jacob then in center goes hunting right jacob and rebecca plot against him

right foreground jacob receive Isaac’ blessing and in center Esau faces father

more painting like, signed his work and has self portrait on lower right corner

what is aedicula

framed niche

ex:trinity, by masaccio

Describe the Renaissance Perspective technique

Perugino CHRIST GIVING THE KEYS TO ST. PETER, WITH A SCHEMATIC DRAWING SHOWING THE ORTHOGONALS AND VANISHING POINT
Fresco on the right wall of the Sistine Chapel (see FIG. 20-33), Vatican, Rome.

•Linear perspective was a rational method used to make realistic architectural settings.

-3 dimensional on 2 dimensional surface

•Imaginary lines called orthogonals met at a single vanishing point on the horizon.

•Variations in color and clarity can also convey the feeling of distance in a painting.

from vantage point everything seems to recede at the same rate following imagery lines called Orthogonals that met a single vanishing point on horizon

10 vanishing points of painting:

-Floor grid

-door arches-smaller building

-foreground spaced compare to background=vertically divided

-symmetrical architecural forms on either side of axis

-Big ppl to small ppl

-Far away mountains/landscape

-smaller tress

-angles buildings

-variation in colour and clarity

Castagno :THE LAST SUPPER

:

Subject often painted in monastic refectories(dining halle) to remind monks/nuns to remind of christ last supper with his first followers en encourage them to see their daily gatherings for meals almsot as a sacramental act in biblical tradition

-humbled the house of orginal account

color and marbele frames off center christ and judas to focus on the most important thing

judas on viewers side tabel seperate from other apostles

st.jon head on table top

floor tile, ceiling rafters, panelled walls draws viewers

nuns would see in their own dining hal

only ceiling line converge to a single point

what is a cassoni

great chest

what is Aerial perspective

foreground, middle ground, background

ex: Domenico Ghirlandio, navity and adoration of the shepards

what is allegory

symbolic illustration of a concept of principle

ex:Botticelli’s primavera or birth of veus

What is intarsia

wood inlay

ex: Giuliano, studiolo

Mantua

Andrea Mantegna TWO VIEWS OF THE CAMERA PICTA, DUCAL PALACE, MANTUA
1465-1474. Fresco, diameter of false oculu

radically foreshortened forms and dramatic spatial recessions

camera picta=painted rooms

your de force or radical perspective in technique called di sotto in su”from below upwards”

room appears to be opened to a cloud filed sky throgh a large oculus in marble and mosaic vault

4 women peer over marble into room below while 1 other dreams upwards

large peacock play around unknowing the danger of their perch

began tradition of illusionistic ceiling painting

VIEW OF THE SISTINE CHAPEL SHOWING PAINTINGS COMMISSIONED FOR THE SIDE WALLS BY POPE SIXTUS IV
Vatican, Rome. At lower right, Perugino's Christ Giving the Keys to St. Peter,
c

rENAISSANCE CENTER WAS ENHANCE IN 1480 WHEN POPE sIXTUS IV Called to city groupe of florentine and umbrian artist to decorate walls of his chapel.

Botticelli + Ghirlandaio were part of that group

pietro vannucci”Perugino” worked in florence but in 1479 was in rome. 2 Years later he was working on the sistine murals. He did Christ giving the keys to St.Peter(lower right) and portrayed the event that provided support for the supremecy of papal authority.Light filled piazza has banded paving stones providing geometric grid for perspective recession, figure stand like chess pieces, scaled to size accordingly and modeled by light sorce of upper left. Triumphal arches inspire by ancient rome frame church and focus on center of composition where keys are being transfered. Scene is softened by subdues colours, Idealized landscape, and figures position.

o   Why is it so important because in the space that was a creative explosion

o   Developemt of evolution and can speak to many pople

o   three stages: 1. Reflect perpociaol perspective2. after columbus 3. age of discovery under way and the church wanted to go global

o   Reflected Jewish and Christian people

o   Florentine art

o   Micheal Angelo wasn’t really a painter , he was an essentialness, He didn’t focus on the studd being creative but on the act of creation

o   hE WAS SO COMMKTED GOT IT DONE IN 3 ½ YEARS REACHIG ABPVE HIS HEAD TO PAINT

o   Space, structure, energy

o   More driven by structural form than colour

o   were on moment from contact between Adam and god and eve is under god’s arm still a key item

o   heart of the ceiling is creation of women

o   Past meet present of Jonah, leaning into our own space

o   he painted destiny to leave legacy of excellence

o   Vison of human unity (black and white man)

o   people who can battle diversity

o   He showed inner strength as external power

o   complaint about nudity from other

o   Forces us to look around as if it’s a mirror, who am i? what role do I play?

o    

what is CA D’ORO(venice)

house of gold

bellini(venic artist)

venetian(veniceppl)