Pathogen niches &
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6 Terms
How are extracellular bacteria typically targeted by the immune system?
They are targeted by phagocytosis, opsonization, and neutralization via immunoglobulins.
How do intracellular pathogenic bacteria evade destruction within phagocytes?
They use one of the following strategies:
Escaping the phagosome and surviving within the cytosol.
Preventing fusion of the phagosome with the lysosome.
Surviving in the phagolysosome without being digested.
What strategy do some bacteria use to survive after being phagocytosed?
They escape the phagosome and live in the cytosol of host cells, avoiding destruction.
What is an example of a bacterium that escapes the phagosome?
Listeria monocytogenes.
How does Listeria monocytogenes escape the phagosome?
It uses a pore-forming toxin called listeriolysin O to punch holes in the phagosome membrane, allowing it to enter the cytosol.
Why is escaping into the cytosol beneficial for L. monocytogenes?
It protects the bacteria from phagocytes and neutralizing antibodies.