treatment of disorders

deinstitutionalization

Process of moving people with disorders out out of institutional facilities

Decentralized treatment

New drugs and better therapy

Psychotherapy

Structured interactions between a trained professional and client / most influential: psychoanalysis, humanistic, behavioral, cognitive

Eclectic approach

Combines different technique’s from the various approaches to psychotherapy / most popular approach

Goals of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic therapy

Bring repressed feelings into conscious awareness

Psychoanalysis

Repression, trust through free association

Dream theories

Dreams are road to the unconscious

Resistance

Block from consciousness of anxiety causing material

Transference

Patients transfer to the analyst of emotions linked

Psychodynamic therapists

Insight therapy, interpersonal therapy with other relationships

Humanistic therapy

Non directive that uses active listening / focuses on present and future

Insight therapy

Client must be aware of origins of their problems

Interpersonal therapy

Increase interpersonal relationships to decrease distress

Person center therapy

Used genuineness, acceptance, and empathy / Carl Rogers

Active listening

Empathic listening where the listener echoes, restates, and seeks clarification

Unconditional positive regard

Nonjudgmental attitude

Behavior therapy

applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

Counterconditioning

Involves changing an unwanted response to a stimulus into a desired response by associating the stimulus with positive actions

Exposure therapy

Mary Cover Jones (“mother of therapy”) : counter conditioned boys fear of rabbits with eating

Systematic desensitization

Deep relaxation / hierarchy of anxieties then introduced slowly to stimulus

Aversive conditioning

Associating unpleasant state with unwanted behavior

Behavior modification

Help people modify or control behaviors / treats ASD well

Applied behavior analysis

Uses principles of learning theory to increase positive behavior and decrease unwanted behaviors

Cognitive therapy

Therapy that teaches people new and more adaptive ways of thinking based on the assumption that thoughts intervene our events and reactions

Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

Expose not only incorrect thinking but also associated thinking

Cognitive triad (Aaron Beck)

Depressed people share similar thoughts / negative thoughts about oneself, world, and future

CBT

fixes thoughts and implements practice / fixes OCD

Dialectical behavioral therapy

Attempts to make peace between 2 opposing forces: acceptance and change / harmful patterns

Fear hierarchies

Tool in exposure therapy used to help individuals gradually confront their fears by listing from least to most frightening

does psychotherapy work

Most doctors and clients say yes / most improve with time but with therapy improves quicker and less chance of relapse

Client perspective

Clients often agree about effectiveness of psychotherapy, but could be influenced by situational factors

Clinician perspective

Treasure their clients gratitude but could have actually been a failure

Meta analysis

Statistically combining results of many different studies

antipsychotics

dampen responsiveness to irrelevant stimuli / block neurotransmitter dopamine / reduce positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Examples of antipsychotics

Thorazine (treats schizophrenia) and haidol / side effects of tremors or sluggishness

Anti anxiety drugs

Depress nervous system activity / increase GABA / reduce tension, fear, and nervousness / treats PTSD, OCD, and panic disorders

What are long term anxiety drugs called

SSRIs

What are short term anti anxiety drugs

Valium, Xanax, and Ativan

Antidepressants

Neurotransmitters/ nonprinephrine and serotonin

Examples of antidepressants

Zoloft, Paxil, Prozac (blocks serotonin reuptake)

Mood stabilizers

Lithium (treats bipolar) / depakote (originally used to treat seizures)

ECT

treat depression / shocks brain / memory loss

TMS

neurostimulation / weaker electrical shock than ECT

Psychosurgery

Used in extreme cases / surgery that removes part of the brain to change behavior

Social influence theory

Hypnosis is a by product of normal social and neutral processes

Dissociation theory

Special dual processing state of dissociation - split between different levels of consciousness