Chapter 4&5

Biology

Streptomycin is an antibiotic that interferes with the function of the 30S subunit of the prokaryotic ribosome. What is the consequence of treating a bacteria with streptomycin?

Impaired protein synthesis

What organelle packages 'X' shaped chromosomal hereditary material in eukaryotic cells?

Nucleus

Which organelle in liver cells is most affected by alcohol consumption?

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Microfilaments and microtubules are part of the:

Cytoskeleton

Some functions of eukaryotic organelles are performed by what in bacteria?

Plasma membrane

In eukaryotes, mitochondria are primarily involved in:

Energy release/capture

What happens to a protein if there is a blockage at the trans face of the Golgi?

The protein would be stuck in the Golgi.

Which component do many antibiotics act upon to hinder prokaryotic translation?

Ribosomes

Why are prokaryotic cells generally smaller than eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotes have compartmentalization, which allows for specialization.

The nucleolus is primarily the site of:

Ribosome assembly

Prokaryotic cell movement is attributed to:

Flagella

What cellular structure is essential in an artificial cell?

Ribosomes

Why do cells have a rough endoplasmic reticulum?

To export proteins to other areas of the body.

Integrins help link the cytoskeleton and:

Extracellular matrix

What would happen to cells treated with a centriole inhibitor?

Cells would no longer be able to divide.

Based on mitochondrial functions, what substance can pass through its outer membrane easily?

Oxygen

In a blocked vesicle transport at the cis face of the Golgi, what process is inhibited?

The movement of lipids and proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.

Where are photosynthetic pigments found in bacteria?

Plasma membrane

Mitochondria and chloroplasts besides the nucleus contain what?

DNA

If a dye reacts with a lysosomal enzyme, you can also expect to see it in the:

Endoplasmic reticulum

What is the large membrane-bound sac in plant cells used for storing substances called?

Central vacuole

Cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells consist of:

Microtubules in a 9 + 2 arrangement.

What structure is most likely to contract in wilting plants?

Vacuole

The type of molecule movement that becomes saturated if all protein carriers are in use?

Facilitated diffusion

What is the directional movement of substances from high to low concentration called?

Diffusion

In an artificial cell with a selectively permeable membrane filled with glucose, what is the expected effect?

Water will move into the cell.

What does membrane potential affect the movement of?

Potassium ions

Water molecules form hydrogen bonds with the polar end of which type of molecule?

Phospholipid molecule.

What is the state of a cell when the internal concentration of solutes equals the external concentration?

Isotonic.

The requirement for facilitated diffusion is:

The carrier molecule must be specific to the transported molecule.

What causes the fluid nature of membranes?

Lateral movement of phospholipid molecules.

The movement of amino acids and sugars into cells can occur through:

Coupled transport.

What are membrane proteins embedded with?

Proteins.

What factors affect membrane fluidity?

Temperature, cholesterol, types of fatty acids.

Osmosis requires the presence of:

Semipermeable membrane.

If two solutions have unequal solute concentrations, the solution with lower concentration is called:

Hypotonic.

When GABA receptors allow ions to flow into the cell, they are classified as:

Gated ion channel.