Aero Maneuvers

Power On Stall

1. 3 C’s

-CONFIGURATION - Clean, Slow Cruise (150 KIAS), Above 6000’ AGL, Any cardinal/numbered HDG

-CHECKLIST - PSA Checklist

-CLEAR AREA - Visual scan, TCAS (Above), Turns as req

2. INITIATE STALL (Almost whole scan should be OUTSIDE using external sight pictures references)

-(PCL - [30%-60%], ATTITUDE - [15°-40°] NOSE HIGH

ONCE FULL STALL -> UNCOMMANDED NOSE DROP AND/OR UNPLANNED ROLL

3. RECOVERY

-RELAX- Reduce AoA to restore laminar flow

-MAX- PCL MAX

-LEVEL- Anticipate engine effects, aileron/rudder as necessary

-BALL- Center balance ball and maintain coordinated flight through recovery

-Need MAX AOA possible on recovery

1. (Then SLOWLY and GENTLY ease the nose back up until the EXHAUST STACKS on horizon. Gently increase backpressure as needed. Throughout, scan “AOA, BALL, AOA, BALL…” -> As soon as two (+) rates and wings level, VERBALIZE “TWO POSITIVE RATES AND LEVEL, MANEUVER COMPLETE, NOSE COMING DOWN” and reset power

Power Off / ELP Stall

1. 3 C’s

-CONFIG - Clean, Slow Cruise (150 KIAS), Above 6000’ AGL (will lose 2000-3000’ altitude), Wings level

-CHECKLIST - PSA Checklist

-CLEAR AREA - Visual scan, TCAS, Turns as required

2. Roll wings level- below 150 slow, above 150 zoom

3. -Retard PCL to 4-6% torque

As airspeed approaches 125 kts

3. Lower nose to 125 kts glide attitude and verbalize VSI for 1350-1500 sink rate, re-trim

4. Simulate high key, lower landing gear

5. Re-trim for 120 kts and turn 15-20 AOB to low key, complete before landing checklist

6. Raise nose 5-10 degrees nose high until first indication of stall (stick shaker/buffet)

7. Maintain turn and recover with prop arc on horizon (8 degrees nose low) until 120 kts

Landing Pattern / Approach Turn Stall

1. 3 C’s

-CONFIG -  SIM DOWNWIND- GEAR-down, AIRSPEED-120 KIAS, FLAPS-as req

-CHECKLIST - PSA and BEFORE LANDING

-CLEAR AREA - Visual scan, TCAS, Clearing turns

2. SIMULATE ABEAM

-PWR-20%, ATT-hold alt

-Start a 30 deg AOB turn, pitch and stabilize on airspeed IAW flap setting (120/115/110)

3. INITIATE STALL (once stable in the turn)

-NOSE UP - 5 deg NH THEN…

-PWR - IDLE

-ADJUST TURN - 20 to 45 deg AOB (increase backstick Px as needed to hold nose at 5-10 deg NH)

4. UPON FIRST INDICATION OF STALL (STICK SHAKER OR AIRFRAME BUFFET)

-(FREEZE) - (N) If nose within 5-10 deg NH, HOLD backstick pressure to maintain attitude

-RELAX - If nose above 10 deg NH, relax backstick pressure 

-Need MAX AOA possible on recovery

-MAX - PCL to MAX

-LEVEL - Level the wings

… (wait 0.5-1.0 sec for ENG to spool up)

-BALL - Right rudder to center the ball

5. MANEUVER COMPLETE when two positive rates, wings level

Landing Attitude Stall

1. 3 C’s

-CONFIG - SIMULATE FINAL APPROACH- GEAR-Down, FLAPS-As req, AIRSPEED- 5-10 kts above current flap setting

-CHECKLIST - PSA and BEFORE LANDING

-CLEAR AREA - Visual scan, TCAS, Turns as required

2. INITIATE STALL

-PWR - IDLE

-NOSE UP - Flare transition (sight picture: at or little above horizon. HOLD flare attitude until first stall indications)

3. RECOVERY

-RELAX - Relax backstick pressure

-Need MAX AOA possible on recovery

-MAX - PCL to MAX

-LEVEL - Level the wings

-BALL - Center the ball

-(Scan AOA and Ball as gently pushing exhaust stacks up to the horizon and waiting for two positive rates)

4. MANEUVER COMPLETE

Two positive rates, wings level

Aileron Roll

Configuration: 180-220 KIAS. Set power ~80%.

Checklists: PSA

Clear: Visually, TCAS, clearing turn as required

1. Raise nose ~10°. Relax backstick and stop nose track, then roll left or right using aileron.

2. As aircraft approaches wings level, neutralize aileron and return to level flight.

• Do not hold backstick pressure as you roll

• Nose should not drop below horizon when rolling inverted.

Loop

Configuration: 230-250 KIAS, PCL MAX

Checklists: PSA

Clear: Visually, TCAS, clearing turn as required

1. Check wings level and clear airspace above. Report entry altitude over ICS. Commence AGSM and pull to 4G’s in 2-3 seconds

2. Check wings level after losing sight of horizon by looking at wingtip. Increase rudder as required

3. After passing vertical, tilt head back to locate the horizon. Correct nose position with rudder and wings level with aileron. Maintain balanced flight.

4. Coming through the top of the loop, back stick pressure will decrease, airspeed will be 100-120 KIAS, right rudder required will increase

5. Continue to pull through to the horizon, increasing to 4 G’s on the back end of the pull out.

• Execute this maneuver over a long line ie a road, beachline, or power line. Set CDI, altitude and heading bugs as required

Half Cuban Eight

Configuration: 230-250 KIAS, PCL MAX

Checklists: PSA

Clear: Visually, TCAS, clearing turn as required

1. Check wings level and clear airspace above. Report entry altitude over ICS. Commence AGSM and pull to 4G’s in 2-3 seconds

2. Check wings level after losing sight of horizon by looking at wingtip. Increase rudder as required

3. After passing vertical, tilt head back to locate the horizon. Correct nose position with rudder and wings level with aileron. Maintain balanced flight.

4. Coming through the top of the modified loop, back stick pressure will decrease, airspeed will be 100-120 KIAS, right rudder required will increase

5. Allow nose to fall through opposite horizon. As nose approaches 45° down, slow nose movement by releasing back stick pressure and roll upright in either direction

6. Begin pull up from 45° at approximately 205-210 KIAS

Immelman

Configuration: 230-250 KIAS, PCL MAX

Checklists: PSA

Clear: Visually, TCAS, clearing turn as required

1. Check wings level and clear airspace above. Report entry altitude over ICS. Commence AGSM and pull to 4G’s in 2-3 seconds

2. Check wings level after losing sight of horizon by looking at wingtip. Increase rudder as required

3. After passing vertical, tilt head back to locate the horizon. Correct nose position with rudder and wings level with aileron. Maintain balanced flight.

4. As nose approaches 10° above opposite horizon (FCP canopy bow), neutralize back stick pressure, then roll upright either direction. Maintain altitude as you roll.

Split S

Configuration: Transition to 150 KIAS.

Checklists: PSA

Clear: Visually, TCAS, clearing turn as required

1. PCL IDLE and maintain altitude, slow to 140 KIAS

2. Raise the nose ~10° up

3. Roll to a level, inverted attitude

4. Apply backpressure to bring nose through the horizon. Attempt to achieve maximum nose track without stalling. If aircraft does not respond normally to control inputs, an OCF recovery should be accomplished.

5. Around 4 G’s should be used in the pullout

6. Once in level flight, report oil pressure then add power as required.

• Around 3000 feet will be lost in this maneuver.

• Run this maneuver over a long landmark

Wingover

Climb for 90° of turn, then descent for 90°. Always pair two wingovers together. It should not be necessary to exceed 2 G’s.

Configuration: 200-220 KIAS, ~70% power.

Checklists: PSA

Clear: Visually, TCAS, clearing turn as required

1. Start in straight and level flight. Select a reference point right off the wingtip. Start a coordinated climbing turn in the direction of the reference point. The initial bank should be very gradual. Time the turn and pull up so the nose reaches its highest attitude (~45°) when the aircraft has turned 45° or halfway to the reference point. The aircraft should be pointed at the reference point as a maximum bank of 90° is reached and the nose reaches the horizon.

2. Passing the horizon, let the nose fall and begin rolling out of the bank. Bank should change at the same rate as during the nose up portion of the leaf. When the aircraft has turned through 135°, the nose should be ~35° down and bank should be 45°

3. Without delay, begin the second leaf in the opposite direction of the first. 

4. Rolling out of the second leaf, the aircraft should be on the original altitude and heading

• Run this maneuver over a long section of road or beach

Barrel Roll

Aircraft is rolled 360° about an imaginary point which bears 45° off the nose

Configuration: 200-220 KIAS, ~80% power

Checklists: PSA

Clear: Visually, TCAS, clearing turn as required

1. Check wings level and clear airspace above. Report entry altitude over ICS. Commence the maneuver by smoothly raising the nose while keeping wings level. As the nose passes ~20° up, roll and pull so the nose travels around in an arcing path towards the selected 90° checkpoint. After 45° of turn, the angle of bank should be 90° and the nose will be at its highest point (55-60° up).

2. After reaching 55-60° above the horizon, increase roll rate to achieve a wings level inverted attitude at the 90° reference point with the nose ~10° above the horizon and 100-120 KIAS. Fly through the inverted position and continue rolling at a constant rate, completing the maneuver on the original heading and altitude. 2.5 G’s should not be exceeded

3. As the aircraft slows, more control input will be required to maintain a constant roll rate.

4. Maintain orientation by focusing on ground reference checkpoints.