ADAT prep doctors Pharma

Opposite effect of what was expected

Paradoxical reaction

The most common cause of death from opiod overdose?

Respiratory depression

The most common side effect of opiods?

Nausea and Vomiting

Antidote of opioid?

Naloxane

Enzyme (CYP450) inducers?

PCARBS (carbohydrate)

Phenytoin

Carbamazepine

Alcohol or Alcoholism

Rifampin

Barbiturates

Sulfonylureas + Smoking

The CYP450 type which works on Codeine?

2D6

Diuretics: drugs which acts on proximal convouted tubule: ……

On ascending loop of henle…..

On distal convoluted tubule….

On collecting duct ….

1.Acetazolamide

2. Furosmide
3. Thiazide

4. Spironolactone

Alpha 1 receptors effects?

Vasocobstriction

Alpha 2 receptor effects?

In vasculator it is vasocobstriction but in CNS it has antisympathetic effects( relaxation) and they block SNS signals. Drugs like clonidine and methyl dopamine are alpha 2 agonists.

B1 receptor effect?

Tachycardia, myocardial contractility, increased release of renin

B2 receptor effects?

Vasodilation

Bronchodilation( symathetic effect)

B1 blockers drugs?

Startin with A➡M

Acebutolol, Atenolol, Metoprolol, Esmolol

B2 blockers name?

N➡Z

Nadolol, Pindolol, Propranolol,Timolol

Which Ca channel blocker causes gingival overgrowth the most?

Nefidipine

name the classification of Ca channel blockers and its effects?

Dihydropridine: Nefidipine:

More effect is on blood vessels (they work on afterload)

Non-dihydropridine: Verapamil, Diltiazem

Mainly work on cardiac muscle and AV node

The management for “Acute pulmunary Edema”?

LMNOP

Lasix( furosemide) IV

Morphine(IV)

Nitrates (sublingual or IV)

Oxygen

Position( upright)

Anti Arrhythmatic drugs?

Never Believe Kind Canadians and Ditch them

Na channel blockers

B blocker

K channel blocker

Ca channel blocker

Digitalis

Anti palatelet drugs?

COX1 inhibitors: Aspirin

ADP receptor inhibitors: clopidogrel( Plavix), Ticlopidin

GP (glicoprotein) inhibtor: Abciximab

Clot is dissolved by the activity of …..

Plasmin

Name Fibrinolytic drugs in the category of coagulation affecting drugs?

Streptokinase

Urokinase

Tpa( tissue plasminogen activator)

Name antigulant drugs?

Heparin

Coumarin( warfarin)

Directi Thrombin inhibitors (Dabigatran) another name PRADAXA

Antidote of Heparin?

Protamine sulphate

Warfarin is related to ….. and inhibits production of several factors like ….., it is reversed by ….. and in patient …… should be monitored.

Vitamin k, factor II; prothrombin,VII, IX,X (1972)

Vitamin k infusion

INR

What is the direct thrombin inhibitor?

Dabigatran (Pradaxa)

Antidote (reversal drug) or Dabigatran?

Idarucizumab

Novel oral antigualant are divided into two categories:

1. Direct factor Xa inhibitors are ……

2. Direct thrombin inhibtor is …

Rivaroxaban, apixaban

Dabigatran

What are the example of antifibrinolytic drugs to stop bleeding in dentistry?

Aminocaproic acid (Amicar)

Teranexamic acid

What is the more toxic and stonger virulent factor in the wall of bacteria?

Lipoprotein content

penicillins inhibits …… enzyme in bacteria.

Transpeptidase

What are the beta lactase inhibitors which are used in combination with penicillins?

Clavulanic acid and sulbactam

Drug of choice for pseudomembranus colitis caused by C.difficile? and for severe form of C.difficile?

Metronidazole

Vancomycin

Red man syndrome is caused by which drug?

Vancomycin

Adverse effect of Vancomycin?

Ototoxicity

Nephrotoxicity

Red man syndrome

Prolonged QT interval is seen in which drug?

Fluoroquinolones

Adverse effect of metronidazole?

Mettalic taste, peripheral neuropathy

Aminoglycosides (gentamycin and…) are active against ….. gram ….. bacteria.

Aerobic, gram negative

Macrolides are…

Eithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin

Macrolides binds to …. And inhibits production protein synthesis.

50s ribosomal subunite

Prolonged QT is seen in …. And ….

Fluoroquinolon and macrolides

Adverse effect of chloramphenicol?

Aplastic anemia

Gray baby syndrome

Loading dose is mandatory for …

Azithromycin regimen

Acyclovir’s spectrum is on…… viruses?

Herpes simplex1 (HSV 1) and HSV2, Varicella zoster and EBV

Ganciclovir acts on ….. viruses.

The same as Acyclovir+ CMV

Foscarnet?

antiviral

It’s not a prodrug and directly inhibits the virus DNA polymerase or reverse transcriptase

Blocks the binding site in a non -competitive manner

Nephrotoxic (30%)

Used in ganciclovir resistantn CMV And acyclovir resistant HSV,VZV

Which antiviral drug is used in cream formulation to terat herpes labialis?

Penciclovir

Antiviral Ribavarin?

Act on DNA virus including respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) and Hepatitis C

Teratogenic and may cause hemolytic anemia

Antifungal: Amphotericin B:

Binds to ergosterol in cell membrane

Rout of administration: IV

Adverse effect: Nephrotoxicity

Treatment of oral candidiasis?

Nystatin (oral suspension) + Clotrimazole ( troche/lozenge)

Celecoxib is …… inhibitor.

Cox 2

NSAIDs diminish effect of ……. And ………. In antihypertensive drugs bc of…

Non-selective B blockers: B2 receptors cause vasodilation and when blocked it results in vasoconstriction and with NSAID you will lose the PG vasodilative effect making hypertension worse.

ACE inhibtors: ACE inhibtors work on kidney and increase secretion of sodium and water, NSAIDs impair renal funcyion so ACE inhibtors would not be as effective.

ASA have interaction with …

Oral antidiabetic drugs like sulfonylureas

What drug is given mainly with iboprofen to protect GI?

Misoprostol

Drug interactions of NSAID?

B blocker

ACE inhibitors

Lithium

Anticuagulant

Methotrexate

Treatment of Acetaminophen toxicity?

Mucomyst( a type of glutathione)

Most common cause of death from opiods overdose?

Respiratory depression

Most serious side effect of opiods is ……. And the most common side effect is ……

Respiratory depression

Nausea and vomiting

Antidote of opiod overdose is ….and opioid addiction is …

Naloxane

Methadone

Absolute contraindication for Mepridine( a type of opioid)?

MAO inhibitirs

Mao( mono amine oxidase inhibitor)

Tylenol #1 consists of

300 mg acetaminophen

7.5( or 8) mg codeine

15 mg caffeine

The only analgesics which are category B during pregnancy?

Acetaminophen

Oxycodone

Leukotriene receptor antagonist?

Montelukast

carbamazepine drug interactions?

Erythromycin increases effect of carbamazepine

Carbamazepine decreases effect of doxycycline

GABA analogues?

Valproate (valproic acid)

Gabapentin

Drug to treat trigeminal neuralgia?

Carbamazepine

MAO inhibitors are ….

Anti depressant drugs

Name the categories of anti depressants with examples

SSRISs: seretonin selective reuptake inhibitors e.g: fluoxetine, sertraline

Tricyclic Antidepressant:

Inhibit serotonin and NE reuptake e.g: Amitriptyline, doexepine

MAO inhibtors:

SNRIs:

Dual action:

The benzodiazepine which is long acting and go through multiple phases and produces active metabolites?

Intermediate acting?

The short acting ones which become inactive metabolites immidiately?

The group that does not go through phase I and directly go to phase II?

Diazepam

Intermediate: AL(Alperazolam and Lorazepam)

Short acting: TOM (Triazolam,Oxazepam and Midazolam)

LOT( Lorazepam, oxazepam, Tenazepam)

Benzodiazepine antagonist?

Flumazenil

Most common benzodiazepine for adult is ….. and for children is ……

Triazolam

Midazolam

Cholinergic drugs adverse effects?

Dumbells:

Diarreha

Urination

Miosis

Bradychardia/ Bronchocostriction

Emesis

Lacrimation

Salivation

Contraindications for cholinergic drugs?

POBS

Peptic ulcer disease

Obstruction of gastrointestinal or urinary

Bronchial asthma

Severe cardiac disease

Treatment of myasthenia gravis?

Neostigmine

Which drug reeuces the effect of organophosphate poisoning?

Atropine

Anti-cholinergic drugs adverse effects?

ABCDs

Agitation

Blurred vision

Constipation and confusion

Dry mouth

Sweating and urine stasis

……… is the most common complication of sedation in dental procedures.

Respiratory depression

Erythromycine has drug to drug contraindication with….

Digoxin and calcium channel blockers

All tetracyclines are contraindicated in ….. and …..

Pregnant patients, children up to 8 years old

Which antiviral is used for Respiratory Syncytial Virus?

Ribavirin which is teratogenuc and can cause hemolytic anemia

Which antiviral is used for Hepatitis C?

Ribavirin

Atropin is an ….

Anti-cholinergic drug

Which antiviral does not need activation by phsphorylation?

Foscarnet

Rivaroxaban is a direct ….. inhibitor and it does not need routin lab monitoring.

Factor Xa

Prazosin is ……. . A kind of anti-hypertensive drug.

Alpha 1 blocker

The mediator responsible for dry cough?

Bradykinin

The antidote of acetaminophen?

N-acetyl-cysteine