intro to criminal justice final exam

Which of the following terms describe a hierarchical administrative structure organized by ranks with a single person responsible for all personnel in the organization?

Chian of command

Geographic limitations of responsibility for a municipal police department is termed a

Jurisdiction

Which of the following can the president issue regarding the execution of legislation that oversees the behavior of officers and agencies of the executive branch?

Executive orders

Actions that do NOT require criminal intent to be considered a criminal act are called

Strict liability crimes - parking in a no parking spot

An incomplete criminal act that is the closest act to completion of a crime is a (n)

Inchoate offense

Which of the following defenses is a justification defense?

A) Entrapment

B) Consent

C) Youth

D) All of the above are justification defenses

answer is D)

What term is used to refer to no-crime-fighting services performed by the police, such as meditation, providing for the welfare of vulnerable persons, and crime control?

Order maintenance

The central tenant of the positivist school of criminology is that

A criminal’s decision to commit crime is influenced by external factors

Which of the following is NOT a sociological theory explaining criminal behavior?

Psychonanalytic theory

The concept of protecting the identity of juveniles charged with delinquency is rooted from which theory of criminology?

Labeling theory

One theory of why victimization which is normally greater in larger cities, and exception can occur in which smaller cities might see higher victimization could be explained by:

Dislocation

Ensuring that citizens are protected from abusive power by government is known as

Due process

A social system designed to maintain order and regulate interaction is known as a(n)

System of social control

The blank can be divided into law enforcement, prosecutors and the courts, probation and parole, and jails.

Criminal justice system

Which model emphasizes public order, and swift, efficient, and effective justice?

Crime control model

Civil disobedience was a tactic used by activists in which of the following?

The Civil Rights Movement

At what point in the criminal justice process is the defendant asked to enter a formal plea of either guilty or not guilty to the charges?

Arraignment

Which panel of citizens hears evidence from a prosecutor to determine if a defendant should be brought to trial?

Grand Jury (16-23)

Sociology is the study of human blank behavior

Social

The guilt of the defendant isdetermined through trial, plea-bargaining, or dismissal of charges, which is what stage of the criminal justice system

Adjudication - determination of guilt or innocence

A decision issued by the grand jury authorizing the prosecutor to arraign the defendant is called a

A true bill - grand jury action inditement

The provision for our “due process rights” is advocated in which amendment of our Constitution?

Fourteenth

Which of the following is NOT and inchoate offense?

Facilitation

The first ten amendments of the United States Constitution accurately describe certain guaranteed freedoms such as trail by jury, freedom of speech, and the right to be secure from unreasonable search and seizure. These rights are expressed in the

Bill of Rights

The central tenant of the Positivist School of Criminology is that

a criminal decision to commit crime is influenced by external factors

Which of the following is a variable that criminologists believe influences criminal behavior (internal and external)

A) Biology

B) psychology

C) Sociology

D) All of the above

D

Sigmund Freud based his theory on the underlying assumption that behavior is:

Controlled by subconscious desires - (angel and devil stick figure)

What was viewed as the most serious social pin the United States during the 1960’s?

Crime

Bentham’s philosophy is called

Utilitarianism

Theories that share the assumption of free will and rational choice are

Classical choice theories

An attempt to define and explain factors that predict behavior under certain conditions is termed

Case study

Which movement grew out of the dissatisfaction of victim’s with the passive role, neglect and minimization of the harm that they suffered?

Victims’ rights movement

Which of the following is a Part II offense?

Gambling

The “dark figure of crime" statistic is referring to

Unreported crimes - NCBS/NCVS

Which agency is responsible for compiling data for the UCR?

FBI

The Prohibition Amendment is also known as the

Volstead Act

Which of the following is considered a Part I offense in the Crime Index?

A) Rape

B) murder

C) Burglary

D) All of the above

The crime statistic organization which utilizes mass mailings to gather crime statistics from “households" is the

NCVS (National Crime Victimization Survey)

The UCR reports crimes committed against

Individuals

According to the modern Crime Victims Rights Movement, which of the following does the bill attempt to ensure

A) victims are are to be treated with dignity and compassion

B) victims are to be informed about the decision making regarding or concerning their specific case

C) victims are able to participate in that decision making

D) All of the above

The crime statistic report that has replaced the UCR with more complex and essential information is the

NIBRS

To restrict the freedom of a person by taking that person into police custody is by definition

An arrest

The police activity that establishes the identification of an arrested person and formally charges that person with a crime is called

Booking

The scientific study of crime and criminals is called

Criminology

A decision occuring when the U.S. Supreme Court declares a significantly different interpretation of the right guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution is called:

Landmark decision

The authority of the legislative branch,the executive branch, and the judicial branch to provide a constitutional check on actions of each other is:

Checks and balances

In 1967 President Johnson’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice concluded that

The criminal justice system was a dynamic system, constantly adjusting and changing

Who has the authority to ultimately decide what charges will be filed against the defendant?

The prosecutor

Which panel of citizens hears evidence from the prosecutor to determine if a defendant should be brought to trial?

Grand jury

What are the three main elements of a Crime?

1. mens rea (guilty mind)

2. Actus rea (guilty act)

3. Causation