Science Exam Review (Expanded)
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217 Terms
matter
anything that has mass and takes up space
substance
single kind of matter with specific composition
element
pure substance made of one type of atom
compound
substance formed when elements chemically combine
mixture
combination of substances not chemically bonded
homogeneous mixture
mixture that looks the same throughout
heterogeneous mixture
mixture where parts are visible
physical property
observed without changing substance identity
chemical property
observed when matter changes
color
physical property of a substance
density
mass per unit volume
melting point
temperature when solid becomes liquid
boiling point
temperature when liquid becomes gas
conductivity
ability to conduct heat or electricity
malleability
ability to be hammered into sheets
ductility
ability to be pulled into wires
luster
how shiny a substance is
reactivity
how easily a substance reacts
flammability
ability to burn
rusting
chemical reaction with oxygen
odor
physical property detected by smell
taste
physical property detected by flavor
state of matter
solid liquid gas plasma
volume
amount of space matter occupies
mass
amount of matter in an object
weight
force of gravity on an object
solubility
ability to dissolve in a solvent
hardness
resistance to scratching
brittleness
tendency to break easily
thermal expansion
increase in volume due to heat
physical change
change in form but not identity
chemical change
change forming a new substance
melting
solid changing into liquid
freezing
liquid changing into solid
boiling
liquid changing into gas
evaporation
liquid changing into gas at surface
condensation
gas changing into liquid
sublimation
solid changing directly into gas
deposition
gas changing directly into solid
cutting
example of physical change
breaking
example of physical change
shredding
example of physical change
crushing
example of physical change
burning
example of chemical change
rusting
example of chemical change
cooking
example of chemical change
tarnishing
example of chemical change
exploding
example of chemical change
rotting
example of chemical change
digestion
example of chemical change
law of conservation of mass
mass cannot be created or destroyed
endothermic
absorbs energy from surroundings
exothermic
releases energy to surroundings
precipitate
solid formed during chemical reaction
gas formation
sign of chemical reaction
color change
sign of chemical reaction
temperature change
sign of chemical reaction
energy transfer
sign of chemical reaction
solid
state with definite shape and volume
liquid
state with definite volume but no shape
gas
state with no definite shape or volume
plasma
state of charged particles
crystalline solid
solid with repeating pattern
amorphous solid
solid without regular pattern
surface tension
inward pull on liquid surface
viscosity
resistance to flow
high viscosity
thick slow-moving liquid
low viscosity
thin fast-moving liquid
thermal energy
total kinetic and potential energy
kinetic energy
energy of motion
potential energy
stored energy
melting point
temperature solid becomes liquid
boiling point
temperature liquid becomes gas
freezing point
temperature liquid becomes solid
condensation point
temperature gas becomes liquid
sublimation
solid to gas without becoming liquid
deposition
gas to solid without becoming liquid
heating curve
graph showing temperature changes
cooling curve
graph showing cooling and phase changes
melting
requires heat energy
freezing
releases heat energy
boiling
requires heat energy
condensation
releases heat energy
sublimation
requires heat energy
deposition
releases heat energy
energy absorption
particles move faster
energy release
particles move slower
gas pressure
force particles exert on container walls
Boyle’s Law
pressure and volume inversely related
Charles’s Law
volume and temperature directly related
Gay-Lussac’s Law
pressure and temperature directly related
Combined Gas Law
combines Boyle’s Charles’s and Gay-Lussac’s
STP
standard temperature and pressure
standard temperature
0 degrees Celsius or 273 Kelvin
standard pressure
1 atm or 101.3 kPa
pascals
SI unit of pressure
kPa
kilopascal unit
atm
atmospheric pressure unit
volume increase
pressure decrease
temperature increase
volume increase