HESI A2 Chemistry Periodic Table

Group 1

Alkali Metals, +1

H, Li, Na, K

Group 2

Alkaline Earth Metals, +2

Be, Mg, Ca

Group 13

Mostly Metals, +3

B, Al

Group 14

+/-4

C, Si, Sn, Pb

Group 15

-3

N, P

Group 16

-2

O, S

Group 17

Halogens, -1

F, Cl, Br, I

Group 18

Noble gases, 0

He, Ne, Ar

Group 3-12

Transition Metals, variable oxidation

Elements that serve as a transition between the two main group elements

Fe charge

Fe2+ or Fe3+

Cu charge

Cu+ or Cu2+

Oxygen charge in a compound

-2

Hydrogen charge in a compound

1

Periods

Rows (across)

Groups

Columns (vertical)

What is the oxidation number of any simple ion?

The same as the charge

when an element is by itself, and not bonded to any different element, what is the oxidation number?

0

the periodic table is sorted by

atomic number (increases left to right and down)

electron affinity ionization energy and electronegativity

increases across, decreases down

atomic radius

decreases across, increases down

mass #

protons + neutrons

atomic #

number of protons

Atomic Mass

mass of a single atom

approximately equal to mass number, but slightly larger due to all subatomic particles that contribute to the mass on an atom

atomic weight

weighted average of an atom and its isotopes, number at bottom of square on periodic table

How many protons does oxygen have?

8

what is an ion?

a negatively or positively charged atom (more electrons than protons or viced versa)

cation

positively charged ion

anion

negatively charged ion

what is an isotope?

an atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons (has a different mass number)

properties of metalloids

B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po, semiconductor, multiple different forms

properties of metals

shiny, good conductors, malleable, ductile, low ion energy and electron affinity, cations

properties of nonmetals

not shiny, poor conductors, often exist as gas or liquid at room temp, high ion energy and electron affinity, anions

noble gases characteristics

colorless, odorless, full octet, poor chemical reactivity