Week 3 - Glucose Homeostasis and Diabetes

These flashcards highlight important concepts regarding glucose metabolism, insulin and glucagon functions, and diabetes.

What is the main source of energy for the brain?

Glucose is the main source of energy for the brain.

What happens if glucose levels drop below 3 millimolar?

The brain does not get enough energy and the body goes into a coma.

How does glucose primarily enter the body?

Glucose enters the body through diffusion.

What role do skeletal muscles play in glucose movement?

Skeletal muscle provides a massive sink for glucose to move out.

How does insulin affect blood glucose levels?

Insulin lowers blood sugar by promoting glucose uptake in fat, muscle, and liver cells.

What is the function of glucagon in glucose regulation?

Glucagon raises blood sugar by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen into glucose.

What is glycogenesis?

The conversion of glucose to glycogen, primarily in the liver.

What triggers the secretion of insulin?

Insulin is released by the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high, such as after eating.

What role does GLP-1 play in insulin secretion?

GLP-1 enhances insulin secretion in response to glucose and food intake.

What is type 1 diabetes characterized by?

Lack of insulin, leading to symptoms like weight loss, frequent urination, and fatigue.

What is the treatment for type 1 diabetes?

Injection of insulin and careful monitoring of glucose levels.

What distinguishes type 2 diabetes from type 1 diabetes?

Type 2 diabetes involves insulin resistance and potentially reduced insulin production over time.