World History Exam Review

Flashcards for reviewing key concepts and events.

Describe the popular attitudes in Europe toward the prospect of war in the summer of 1914?

Enthusiasm and nationalistic fervor

What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

Territorial losses, reparations, military restrictions, and the war guilt clause

What event marked the official beginning of the Great Depression?

The stock market crash of October 29, 1929

Which country was least affected by the Great Depression?

The Soviet Union

Following World War I, resentment began to grow in Germany because of what?

The harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles

What was the New Deal? And did it end The Great Depression?

A series of programs and reforms aimed at relief, recovery, and reform; it did NOT end the Great Depression

What ultimately pulled the United States out of the Great Depression?

Increased government spending and industrial production during World War II

Describe President Roosevelt's New Deal program?

A comprehensive set of programs including public works, financial reform, and social welfare initiatives aimed to relieve, recover, and reform

Hitler's autobiography, in which he called for the racial purification of Germany, is called?

Mein Kampf

What phrase was used by many Chinese to describe their country during the nineteenth century?

"Sick man of Asia"

An antiforeign movement that erupted in northern China at the turn of the twentieth century and seriously weakened the Qing dynasty was called?

The Boxer Rebellion

What was the third estate in France during the French Revolution? What people did the third estate represent?

The middle class, wage workers, and peasants

The priests Miguel Hidalgo and José Morelos led a major peasant rebellion in which country in 1810?

Priests Miguel Hidalgo and José Morelos

The idea that the authority to govern is derived from the people rather than from God or tradition is known as what?

Popular Sovereignty

Who was Toussaint Louverture? Why is he important to world history? What were some of his accomplishments?

Led a successful slave revolt and emancipated the slaves in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (Haiti)

Who were the king and queen of France during the French Revolution? What was their fate?

Louis XVI

What was the "Reign of Terror" during the French Revolution? What were they trying to accomplish with the Reign of Terror?

The committee's ability to imprison and execute anyone suspected of threatening the Revolution; creation of the Law of Suspects

What is Anthropocene during the Industrial Revolution? What does that mean?

A period during which humans have had a substantial impact on our planet

Who was Karl Marx? Why is he important to World History?

German philosopher and economist

Who was Adam Smith? Why is he important to World History? What were some of his accomplishments and or quotes?

Scottish economist & philosopher; known because of his theories on capitalism, free markets, & supply and demand.

What did all the Atlantic revolutions share? What did they have in common?

Enlightenment ideas, social inequality, colonial oppression, & economic grievances

The Atlantic revolutions challenged the absolute and divine authority of whom? Which people?

American, French, Haitian

The only completely successful slave revolt in world history occurred when and where?

Haitian Revolution

Why did the Spanish American revolutions face more difficulties than the (North) American Revolution?

Lack of unity among the colonies, social & economic inequality, & the absence of a strong centralized government

The agreements by which the Ottoman Empire was forced to grant legal and tax exemptions to Westerners were known as what?

Capitulations

The capitulations between European countries and the Ottoman Empire were seen as what? Also, who had it worse, The Ottoman Empire or China?

Both the Ottoman Empire & China suffered greatly from foreign intervention & internal weakness

What nineteenth-century state was known as the "Middle Kingdom" to its populace?

China

What is the scornful title that west Europe and America gave to the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century?

"Sick man of Europe"

What was the Meiji Restoration?

A political revolution in Japan

What were some of the results of the Industrial Revolution?

Led to making more stuff, bigger cities, new tech, different social classes and pollution

What group benefited the most from the Industrial Revolution in nineteenth-century Britain? And Why?

The Middle class

In nineteenth-century Britain, women from the laboring classes found jobs in which industry? What exactly was their job?

Textile industry, operating machinery or sorting/cleaning materials

What made global migration an appealing option for many Europeans during the nineteenth century?

Improved transportation, religious persecution, & the promise of economic opportunity abroad

Why did socialism fail to take root in the United States? Instead of socialism, what type of market-system did take place in the United States?

Socialism failed due to the availability of land; capitalist market-system

Which group in the United States in the early twentieth century supported reforms to improve working conditions and called for greater governmental intervention in the economy?

Progressives

What was the initial attitude of the British upper classes to the creation and legalization of labor unions?

Opposition & hostility, viewing unions as a threat to economic interest & authority

What accompanied industrialization wherever it occurred in the world?

Urbanization

What is a "friendly society"? Describe it? What did it do? What was the function of a friendly society.

Mutual association providing financial & social support to members