anatomy of speech final guide

What class of speech sounds is produced without the use of vocal folds?

Voiceless speech sounds.

Term for the space between the vocal folds?

Glottis.

What greatly increases turbulence in phonation?

Constriction of adducted vocal folds.

What does the Bernoulli effect state?

Airflow at a constriction increases in velocity.

In the closed phase of phonation, which pressure is greater?

Subglottal pressure is greater than supraglottal pressure.

In the open phase of phonation, what is the relationship between subglottal and supraglottal pressure?

Subglottal pressure equals supraglottal pressure.

What causes the vocal folds to return to their resting position after being blown open?

Negative pressure and elasticity of the vocal folds.

What is the minimum transglottal pressure to cause adducted vocal folds to vibrate?

3-5 cm.

What is the act of bringing the vocal folds together called?

Adduction.

What is the respiratory response to a foreign object in the vocal tract?

Cough.

Which muscle is required for dilation of the larynx?

Posterior cricoarytenoid.

What structure moves to cover the larynx during swallowing?

Epiglottis.

What must occur to initiate phonation?

Adduction of the vocal folds.

What is bringing the vocal folds together at the same time airflow reaches them referred to as?

Simultaneous attack.

What is it called when vocal folds come together prior to airflow?

Glottal attack.

What is it called when vocal folds come together after airflow has initiated?

Breathy attack.

What terminates phonation?

Abduction of vocal folds.

What is required for the initiation of phonation?

Adduction of vocal folds.

What change is involved in the change of fundamental frequency?

Tensing of vocal folds.

In the source filter theory of speech production, what provides the source and which provides the filter?

Vibrating vocal folds are the source; oral and nasal cavities provide the filter.

What is the largest mobile articulator?

The tongue.

What articulator is used to differentiate between the /m/ and /b/ phonemes?

Velum.

Which bone makes up the cheekbone?

Zygomatic.

Which bone houses the hearing mechanism?

Temporal.

What muscle makes up the bulk of the velum?

Levator veli palatine.

Which muscle is critical for dilating the eustachian auditory tube?

Tensor veli palatine.

What muscle makes up the bulk of the tongue?

Genioglossus.

Which muscle retracts the tongue?

Styloglossus.

Which muscle is a major depressor of the velum?

Palatoglossus and glossopalatine.

Which muscle elevates the tongue tip?

Superior longitudinal.

Which muscle depresses the tongue tip?

Inferior longitudinal.

To turn the tip of the tongue to the right, which muscles are contracted?

Right superior and inferior longitudinal.

Which muscles contract for retraction of the tongue?

Posterior fibers of genioglossus and stylohyoid.

Which muscle is responsible for elevating the dorsum of the tongue?

Palatoglossus.

What muscles are involved in retraction of the lips?

Buccinator and risorius.

What is the process of preparing food for swallowing called?

Mastication.

What is a disorder of swallowing?

Dysphagia.

Why is a lip seal important during feeding?

Keeps food and liquid inside the mouth; maintains positive pressure needed for swallowing.

What is a bolus?

A mass of food preparing for swallow.

How is the bolus moved down the pharynx?

By means of pharyngeal peristalsis and increased pharyngeal pressure.

In which stage is food received into the oral cavity?

Oral prep stage.

In which stage does the bolus make contact with the faucial pillars?

Oral stage.

When does the epiglottis lower to cover the airway?

Pharyngeal stage.

What is another name for the pinna?

Auricle.

What is the diameter of the external auditory meatus?

Approx 7mm.

What is the area of the tympanic membrane?

About 55 mm².

What is the function of the pinna in relation to sound?

Acts as a collector of sound.

How does the pinna aid in sound localization?

By collecting and directing sound waves.

What is the largest of the ossicles?

The malleus.