Intro to Sociology quiz 3

The term used to describe modes of action that do not conform to the norms or values most members of a group or society hold is:

deviance

What did the Heaven's Gate cult and the computer hacker community have in common?

Both groups are considered deviant subcultures.

A mode of reward or punishment that reinforces socially expected forms of behavior is called a:

sanction

Theorizing that terrorists have a certain personality profile is an example of which view of deviance?

psychological view

Which of the following statements does NOT represent the sociological perspective on deviance?

Crime is a personal choice that is not shaped by social context

According to Robert Merton, at a time when society as a whole is becoming more affluent, why do crime rates continue to rise?

a sense of relative deprivation among those at the bottom

In Robert Merton's typology, the majority of people in society are:

conformists

Which theory proposes that we become deviant when exposed to a higher level of deviant persons and influences, compared with conventional influences?

differential association theory

Which theory views crime as the outcome of an imbalance between impulses toward criminal activity and the social or physical controls that deter it?

control theory

From the perspective of labeling theory, deviance is seen as:

a process of interaction between deviants and non-deviants

Two groups of boys, one working class and the other middle class, engage in equal amounts of delinquent activities. One group is considered "just boys being boys," and the other is considered "troublemakers." Which of the following theories best explains this difference?

labeling theory

The National Crime Victimization Survey has found that crime rates are:

actually higher than those reported by official agencies

Crime typically carried out by people in the more affluent sectors of society is called:

white-collar crime

Sociologists study ________ when they are looking at the structured inequalities in a society.

social stratification

In systems of stratification, people are typically ranked by:

social categories

Which of the following is NOT an example of a caste system?

forcing rural women in Thailand into sex work

In an industrialized society, which term is most often used to analyze stratification?

class

What do sociologists call a large group of people who occupy a similar economic position in society?

class

__________ argued that social stratification is functional and ensures that the most talented people fill the roles they are best suited for by rewarding them accordingly.

Kingsley Davis and Wilbert E. Moore

Wealth and income are both important determinants of social class. Which of the following best characterizes the relationship between wealth and income in the United States?

The same factors that limit people's incomes also limit their ability to accumulate wealth.