Procedures 1 & Image Analysis 1 CLASS 7 TEST (Toes, Foot, Calcaneus, and Ankle)

Bone Cyst

Fluid-filled cyst with wall of fibrous tissue.

Gout

Hereditary form of arthritis in which uric acid is deposited in joints.

Dislocation

Displacement of a bone from the joint space.

Elongation

Image appears longer than actual object due to angled CR.

Foreshortening

Image appears shorter than actual object because part is not parallel with IR.

Osteoarthritis

Form of arthritis marked by progressive cartilage deterioration in joints and vertebrae.

Osteomyelitis

Inflammation of bone due to a pyogenic infection.

Osteopetrosis

Increased density of atypically soft bone.

Osteoporosis

Loss of bone density.

Rheumatoid arthritis

A chronic, systemic, inflammatory collagen disease.

Chondrosarcoma

Malignant tumor arising from cartilage cells.

Enchondroma

Benign tumor consisting of cartilage.

Ewing sarcoma

Malignant bone tumor arising in medullary tissue.

Osteosarcoma

Malignant, primary tumor of bone with bone or cartilage formation.

Metastasis

Transfer of a cancerous lesion from one area to another.

Congenital Clubfoot

Abnormal twisting of the foot, usually inward and downward.

Pott's fracture

Avulsion fracture of the medial malleolus with loss of the ankle mortise.

Jones Fracture

Avulsion fracture of the base of the fifth metatarsal.

Osgood-Schlatter disease

Incomplete separation or avulsion of the tibial tuberosity.

Osteomalacia/rickets

Softening of the bones due to a vitamin D deficiency.

Paget disease of bone

Chronic metabolic disease of bone marked by weakened, deformed and thickened bone that fractures easily.

Osteoclastoma

Lucent lesion in the metaphysis, usually at the distal femur.

Osteoid Osteoma

Benign lesion of cortical bone.

Which projection of the foot will show the cuboid in profile?

AP oblique, medial rotation

How many degrees are the lower leg and foot rotated for the AP oblique projection of the toes in medial rotation?

30 to 45

For an axial projection of the calcaneus, the ankle should be dorsiflexed so the plantar surface of the foot is:

90 degrees from the plane of the IR

How many degrees of angulation are needed to open the IP joint spaces on an AP axial projection of the toes?

15

Which of the following will clearly demonstrate the cuboid?

AP oblique, medial rotation

Which of the following is not clearly demonstrated on an AP projection of the ankle?

ankle mortise

To demonstrate the ankle mortise, the leg and foot should be rotated medially how many degrees?

15-20

What is the central-ray angulation for the axial (plantodorsal) projection of the calcaneus?

40 degrees

For an AP oblique projection of the foot with medial rotation, the plantar surface of the foot should form an angle of _____ degrees.

30

Which projections of the ankle are performed on a patient following an inversion or eversion injury?

AP stress studies

Tangential Sesamoid Projection (Lewis Method)

Tangential Sesamoid Projection (Holly Method)

Why should an AP oblique ankle be dorsiflexed?

An AP oblique ankle does not need to be dorsiflexed

To prevent the SI of the lateral malleolus and the calcaneus

To keep the ankle in the medial oblique postion

To prevent the SI of the cuniforms

To prevent the SI of the lateral malleolus and the calcaneus

What exam is done to evaluate the longitudinal arch of the foot?

AP axial foot

AP lateral foot

AP medial oblique foot

Weight-bearing lateral foot

Weight-bearing lateral foot

What is the method name for the projections of congenital club foot?

Lawerence method

Pearson method

Kite method

Grashey method

Kite method

Which of the following is osteoporosis?

avulsion FX, base of the 5th metatarsal

loss of bone density

avulsion FX, medial malleolus

inflammation of bone due to pyogenic infection

loss of bone density

Which of the following is osteomyelitis?

avulsion FX, base of the 5th metatarsal

loss of bone density

avulsion FX, medial malleolus

inflammation of bone due to pyogenic infection

inflammation of bone due to pyogenic infection

What is the superior or top surface of the foot called?

dorsum

What type of injury is demonstrated by a stress study of the ankle?

Torn ligament

Torn tendon

Stress fracture of the ankle

Torn muscle

Torn ligament

Which of the following is a Jones' fracture?

avulsion FX, base of the 5th metatarsal

loss of bone density

avulsion FX, medial malleolus

inflammation of bone due to pyogenic infection

avulsion FX, base of the 5th metatarsal

When positioning for an axial projection of the calcaneus, the plantar surface of the foot should be _________ to the IR.

perpendicular

Which of the following is a Pott's fracture?

avulsion FX, base of the 5th metatarsal

loss of bone density

avulsion FX, medial malleolus

inflammation of bone due to pyogenic infection

avulsion FX, medial malleolus

Which projection of the ankle best demonstrates the distal tibiofibular articulation?

AP ankle

Lateral ankle

AP oblique ankle, 15-20 degrees medial rotation

AP oblique ankle, 45 degrees medial rotation

AP oblique ankle, 45 degrees medial rotation