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stress
the physiological & psychological experience of significant life events, trauma, & chronic strain and their way of coping with its demands
eustress
A positive stress that energizes a person and helps a person reach a goal
acculturative stress
the stress and psychological toll resulting from living in a new culture
aerobic exercise
sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness
antibodies
large, Y-shaped proteins used by the immune system to chemically suppress the damaging effects of antigens
antigens
a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies
behavioral medicine
an interdisciplinary approach to medical treatment that integrates medical, psychological, and sociocultural expectancy and enhances quality of life
biofeedback
a form of stress-management therapy that requires participants to monitor and adjust their own physiological states
biopsychosocial perspective
a perspective in understanding stress and health that includes biological, psychological, and social factors
catastrophes
unpredictable, large-scale, stressful events, such as natural disasters or terrorist attacks
cognitive appraisal
cognitive interpretation and evaluation of a stressor
coping strategies
psychological methods used to reduce or minimize stress
coronary heart disease
a condition characterized by the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; a leading cause of death in North America
daily hassles
frequent and common stressors experienced in daily life, such as traffic jams, busy schedules, and unexpected delay
distress
the negative effects experienced when confronted with stress
emotion-focused coping
influencing one’s own emotional response to a stressful situation as a method of coping
explanatory style
an approach people use to explain why or how events occurred; style can be optimistic or pessimistic
flight-or-fight response
a physiological response to stress triggered by the release of hormones from the adrenal glands; prepares the body to fight back or flee to safety
general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
theory proposed by Hans Selye that describes how the body adaptively responds to stress over prolonged periods of time
health psychology
the psychological aspect of behavioral medicine that focuses on the development of strategies to eliminate or reduce the risk of illness and disease
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
the neuroendocrine system responsible for the reacting to stress; produces cortisol
lymphocytes
white blood cells that attempt to attack foreign invaders (i.e. antigens) in the body; B cells, T cells and NK cells are all types of this…
meditation
stress management strategy that involves training the mind to become present, aware, and open to experiences
mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR)
a structured stress-reduction program based on the principles of meditation and mindfulness
neurofeedback
a stress management technique that focuses on specifically training individuals to control their own brain activity; similar to biofeedback
perceived control
the extent to which an individual believes they are in control of a situation
primary appraisal
initial evaluation of the seriousness of the stressor and the demands it will require; part of a cognitive appraisal of stress
psychoneuroimmunology
an interdisciplinary field of study that emphasizes the interaction of psychological, neurological/endocrine, and immunological processes in stress and illness
relaxation therapy
a group of techniques aimed at helping relax the body and the mind
secondary appraisal
reassessment of a stressful situation that focuses on the resources and actions needed to help overcome the stressor
significant life changes
stressful common life events, such as moving out of a childhood home, getting married or divorced, losing a loved one, or changing career paths
social support
the comfort, caring, and help available to an individual experiencing stress, from a network of supportive friends and family members
stressors
the experiences we encounter in life that cause stress; events we perceive as threatening or challenging
tend-and-befriend
a response where women faced with stress seek affiliation-related behaviors (e.g., nurturing, seeking care) that appear to be motivated, in part, by the hormone oxytocin, an alternative to the traditional “flight-or-fight” response
Type A
personality type described as more competitive, impatient, verbally aggressive, ambitious, and outgoing; more likely to experience a heart attack
Type B
personality type described as easygoing and relaxedTyep
Type D
“distressed” personality type: people who experience increased negative emotions and avoid self-expression in social interactions; negative prognostic factor for those who have experienced a heart attack
