Diseases and Zoonosis (Toxicology Definitions)

What is the pH of an acid?

What is the concern with acids?

corrosive on contact

Why should emesis not be induced when an acid has been ingested?

acid is fatal in the lungs

Adsorbent

substance that grabs other molecules and holds them in place

What is an example of an adsorbent?

charcoal

What is the pH of an alkali?

>8.0

What is the concern with Alkali?

it is not corrosive on contact

Why should emesis not be induced when an alkali has been ingested?

tends to spread more and bad if gotten into lungs

What category is an aminoglycoside?

antibiotic

What is the main side of aminoglycosides?

nephrotoxicity

What are some examples of aminoglycosides?

streptomycin, gentamycin, amikacin, and neomycin

What is a biotoxin/toxin?

poisonous substances produced by natural processes

What is a cathartic?

triggers quick stomach emptying

What is a cationic agent?

Detergent

_____ detergents are the _____ toxic kind of detergents.

cationic; most

Corrosive

eat the tissues away

Decontamination

removal of toxin

Emesis

vomit

Enterohepatic Recirculation

a drug that circles from the intestines to the liver, to the bile, and repeated

Hepatotoxic

liver toxic

Hydrocarbons

substances made of only H and C

What is an example of a hydrocarbon?

oil, gas, petroleum products

Metabolic acidosis

an acid/base imbalance in the body, the pH in the blood/plasma is 6.5 or below

What kind of fluids should not be used with metabolic acidosis?

LRS

Nephrotoxic

kidney toxic

Toxicant

any substance that goes internal or external and disrupts normal metabolism

What is the most reliable source for animal poisoning control?

ASPA Animal Poison Control Center

What animals can't vomit?

horses, rabbits, and rodents

What is the dosage for hydrogen peroxide for a dog?

1mL per 1 lb

Cats ____ have hydrogen peroxide.

can't

Apomorphine can be given what two routes?

IV or as a tablet under the eyelid

Emesis will usually only get out what percentage of the toxin?

60-70%

What is SLUDDGE?

Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Dyspnea, and Emesis

What is the toxic part of chocolate?

theobromine and caffine

Regarding chocolate, darker = ______ toxic

more

Theobromine and caffeine are considered what?

stimulants

What do onions and garlic cause?

hemolytic anemia

What species are at a higher risk to onions and garlic?

felines

Why are cats more sensitive to onions and garlic?

due to shape of hemoglobin

What do macadamia nuts cause?

weakness, depression, vomit, ataxia, tremors, hyperthermia

What is yeast considered?

an intoxicant

What is an example of yeast?

beer

What does yeast cause?

bloating and metabolic acidosis

What are grapes and raisins toxic to?

Nephrotoxic

What is Xylitol?

a fake sugar found in low carb treats for humans

What is an example of a Xylitol containing product?

sugar free gum

What will happen if an animal ingests Xylitol?

they will think they are hyperglycemic and release insulin and become hypoglycemic