Beowulf: Language and Poetics Quick Reference Sheet

These flashcards cover the key concepts and terminology related to the language and poetics of Beowulf, encompassing Old English, Middle English, and the poetic structures used in the text.

Old English

The earliest form of the English language, used approximately from 449 to 1100 CE, also known as Anglo-Saxon.

Middle English

The form of English used from approximately 1100 to 1500 CE, notably exemplified in Chaucer's works.

Modern English

The form of English that emerged around 1500 CE and is used today.

Alliteration

The repetition of stressed sounds, particularly consonants, at the beginning of words or syllables, serving a similar function to rhyme.

Compounding

The process of combining two words to create a new word, commonly found in Old English poetry.

Kenning

A special type of compounding that is metaphorical in meaning, used frequently in Old English poetry.

Formula

A stock phrase used in poetry that fulfills the metrical needs of a line or half-line, often associated with oral poetry.

Variation

The restatement of a concept using different words, serving to remind the audience of important facts and providing multiple perspectives.

Alliterative verse

A poetic structure in Old English poetry that utilizes alliteration as a key organizational principle, featuring a pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables.

Caesura

A strong pause within a line of poetry, especially in Old English alliterative verse, separating two half-lines.