Cell Biology: Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic, and Cell Cycle Key Concepts

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26 Terms

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Prokaryotic cells

Cells without a nucleus (ex: bacteria, plasmids).

<p>Cells without a nucleus (ex: bacteria, plasmids).</p>
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Eukaryotic cells

Cells with a nucleus (ex: animal cells).

<p>Cells with a nucleus (ex: animal cells).</p>
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Three types of cell fluid environments

Extracellular Fluid (ECF), Interstitial Fluid (IF), Intracellular Fluid (ICF).

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Plasma membrane composition

Phospholipids, proteins, carbohydrates, cholesterol.

<p>Phospholipids, proteins, carbohydrates, cholesterol.</p>
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Fluid Mosaic Model

Model that describes the plasma membrane.

<p>Model that describes the plasma membrane.</p>
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Selectively permeable

The membrane controls what enters and leaves, but sometimes leaks.

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Three passive transport processes

Diffusion, osmosis, filtration.

<p>Diffusion, osmosis, filtration.</p>
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Three types of endocytosis

Phagocytosis ('cell eating'), Pinocytosis ('cell drinking'), Receptor-mediated (uses clathrin).

<p>Phagocytosis ('cell eating'), Pinocytosis ('cell drinking'), Receptor-mediated (uses clathrin).</p>
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Nucleus contents

Chromatin (DNA + histones), nucleolus, nuclear pores.

<p>Chromatin (DNA + histones), nucleolus, nuclear pores.</p>
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Smooth ER function

Processes lipids & carbohydrates.

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Rough ER function

Protein synthesis (ribosomes attached).

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Ribosome production location

In the nucleolus.

<p>In the nucleolus.</p>
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Golgi apparatus function

Packages proteins, glycoproteins, and other molecules.

<p>Packages proteins, glycoproteins, and other molecules.</p>
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Mitochondria function

ATP production via the electron transport chain.

<p>ATP production via the electron transport chain.</p>
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Lysosomes function

Digest waste ('garbage disposal'), autolysis after cell death.

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Three cytoskeletal components

Microfilaments (actin), Intermediate filaments, Microtubules (tubulin).

<p>Microfilaments (actin), Intermediate filaments, Microtubules (tubulin).</p>
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Centrioles function

Organize spindle fibers for cell division (always at 90° to each other).

<p>Organize spindle fibers for cell division (always at 90° to each other).</p>
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Microvilli function

Increase surface area for absorption.

<p>Increase surface area for absorption.</p>
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Cilia and flagella function

Cilia move substances across cell surfaces; flagella provide locomotion.

<p>Cilia move substances across cell surfaces; flagella provide locomotion.</p>
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Interphase events

Cell grows, replicates DNA, increases organelles.

<p>Cell grows, replicates DNA, increases organelles.</p>
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Prophase events

Chromosomes form, nuclear envelope dissolves, spindle fibers appear.

<p>Chromosomes form, nuclear envelope dissolves, spindle fibers appear.</p>
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Metaphase events

Chromosomes line up along the equatorial plane.

<p>Chromosomes line up along the equatorial plane.</p>
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Anaphase events

Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles.

<p>Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles.</p>
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Telophase events

Cleavage furrow forms, cytokinesis produces two daughter cells.

<p>Cleavage furrow forms, cytokinesis produces two daughter cells.</p>
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End result of mitosis

Two identical daughter cells.

<p>Two identical daughter cells.</p>
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End result of meiosis

Four haploid gametes (sperm or egg).

<p>Four haploid gametes (sperm or egg).</p>