Nationalism & Independence

Dissident

A person opposed to established ideas or laws of his government.

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country or people

Amritsar Massacre

To protest the Rowlatt Act, Indians gathered in Amritsar, where British troops fired on the crowd killing several hundred. This sparked further protests & unified Indian resistance to colonial rule.

World War II

This event was a significant turning point in colonial history. Many new nations, starting with India and Pakistan, form in its aftermath.

Satyagraha

the form of nonviolent resistance initiated in India by Mahatma Gandhi in order to oppose British rule and to hasten political reforms

The Salt March

Passive resistance campaign of Mohandas Gandhi where many Indians protested a British tax

was covered by the international press and brought much attention to India's fight for independence.

The Indian National Congress

group formed by Hindu nationalist leaders of India in the late 1800's to gain greater democracy and eventual self-rule

The Muslim League

an organization formed in 1906 to protect the interests of India's Muslims, which later proposed that India be divided into separate Muslim and Hindu nations

Mohandes Gandhi

led India's independence movement, proponent of "civil disobedience", called on Indians to boycott British goods, not pay taxes and not vote

Mohammad Ali Jinnah

the leader of the Muslim League who worked with Gandhi for independence

Swaraj

Indian word for "self-governance" or "Indian Independence"

Self-Determination

Concept that people/nations have the right to govern themselves

Capitalism

an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

Communism

a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

The Cold War

A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years.

Proxy War

a war in which the powers in conflict use third parties as substitutes instead of fighting each other directly, such as the First Indochina War

Ho Chi Minh

Communist leader of North Vietnam

Three Economic Questions

What goods and services should be produced?
How should these goods and services be produced?
Who consumes these goods and services?

East Pakistan

former name of Bangladesh

Jawaharlal Nehru

Indian statesman. He succeeded Mohandas K. Gandhi as leader of the Indian National Congress. He negotiated the end of British colonial rule in India and became India's first prime minister (1947-1964).

Kashmir

A region of northern India and Pakistan over which several destructive wars have been fought

Indochina

Area of southeast Asia controlled by France during Imperialism. Includes Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam.

The Viet Minh

Communist-dominated Nationalist Movement. Ruled Vietnam when Japanese rule ended. Leader was Ho Chi Minh.

The Vietnamese Nationalist Party

Also known as the Vietnamese Quoc Dan Dong or VNQDD

active in 1920s as revolutionary force committed to violent overthrow of French colonialism.

3 Components of First Indochina War

A war of independence, a civil war, an international war

The Geneva Accords

A 1954 peace agreement that ended French colonial rule and divided Vietnam into Communist-controlled North Vietnam and non-Communist South Vietnam.

The 17th Parallel

Line of latitude that separated North and South Vietnam

Settler Colonialism

Colonists seize land from the indigenous population and become the dominant population.

The Mau Mau

Revolutionary group in Kenya who used violent means to force out European settlers.

Jomo Kenyatta

Nationalist who helped lead Kenya to independence

Kwame Nkrumah

Leader of nonviolent protests for freedom on the Gold Coast. When independence was gained, he became the first prime minister of Ghana.

Ghana

Name taken by the former British colony of The Gold Coast

Pan-Africanism

A movement that stressed unity among all Africans

Civil Disobedience

A form of political participation that reflects a conscious decision to break a law believed to be immoral and to suffer the consequences. Term comes from an essay by American Transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau.

Facing Mount Kenya

This book by Jomo Kenyatta is an account of traditional Kikuyu society under pressure from colonialism