Hormones lecture 1

What are Hormones?

They are chemical messengers secreted by cells.

How do hormones travel?

Travel long distances through the blood

what is the two major types of hormones?

Amino Acid based

Steroids

What system of the body produces hormones/

the endocrine system

What organs makes steroid hormones?

Adrenal glands

Gonads

what are the major processes regulated by hormones?

Reproduction

Growth and development

Maintenance of nutrients

Regulation of metabolism and energy balance

Mobilization of body defenses

How do Hormones find their Target cells?

Only affect cells expressing hormone receptors

where are the hormone receptors located?

Amino acid based are found in receptors in membrane.

Steroids are found in receptors inside cell

Explain the plasma membrane hormone receptors (GPCR)

write down

A single kinase can catalyze hundreds of reactions

true

cAMP is rapidly degraded and it is a second messenger?

true.

Calcium can also act as a second messenger

True

Explain intracellular hormone signaling?

write down

how are hormone signaling regulated?

The Three Rs: Receptors, Release, Reduction.

what happens to low hormone levels

receptor up-regulation

what happens to high hormone levels

receptor down-regulation