Shari M - Civics Unit 1 Study Guide 2022

Who was John Locke?

Is the first to mention natural rights. Government should protect rights.

Who was Thomas Hobbes?

Social contract, Give up some freedoms for protection.

Who was Charles Montesquieu?

First to mention checks + balances and the 3 branches of government, executive, legislative, judicial.

How did his ideas affect U.S. government?

We now have the three branches that can keep each other in check.

Who was Jean Rousseau?

First to believe power to the people, obligation to change government if bad.

Autocracy, which philosopher?

A system of government by one person with absolute power. Thomas Hobbes (believed in submitting all rights to one king)

Monarchy

A form of government with a monarch at the head, is hereditary.

Dictatorship

A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator

Direct democracy

A government where all people come together to vote, and make laws + decisions.

Representative Democracy

A government where representatives elected by the people make laws + decisions.

oligarchy

A political system governed by a few wealthy, influential people.

theocracy

A government based on religion, following religious rules and obligations.

Junta

A military or political group that rules a country after taking power by force.

Anarchy

No government.

Where is the structure of government written?

U.S. Constitution.

What does the legislative branch do? How does it check other branches?

Makes laws. Can overrule the president and make a bill a law with a 2/3 vote, congress can impeach judges.

How many representatives? How long term? How many representatives per state? How many in Mass?

435, 2 years, depends on how many people in state, 2.

How many people in senate? How long is term? How many per state?

100, 6 years, 2.

What does the Judicial branch do? How does it check other branches?

Maneges conflict about meaning, application, and enforcement of laws. Interprets laws. Can rule a law unconstitutional, can rule presidential action unconstitutional.

How many people in supreme court?

9

What does the Executive branch do? How does it check other branches?

Has the power to carry out and enforce laws. Can veto a bill, has the power to appoint judges.

What is the presidential cabinet? Who is in it?

They are the president's advisers. Vice pres. and the heads of the 15 executive departments.

What type of government was used in Greece (athens)? Why did this system work well in Greece?

Democracy. All people were represented (including poor people), there was a division of work.

Describe the government structure of Athens.

The Assembly, The Council of 500, People's Court.

What is the type of the government the Romans used?

Republic.

Explain the “separation of powers” in Rome.

The Consuls control taxes, laws and army, The Senate made decrees that were voted on to become laws, The Tribal Assembly conducted trials.

What are examples of representative government in Rome?

The People in the Tribal Assembly were voted on and the Consuls were voted on.