APA 7th Edition

academic writing

APA 7th edition is a style that is widely used for…

APA 7th edition

provides a consistent format for citing sources, which helps researchers credibility and allows readers to locate referenced materials easily.

in-text-citation and reference list

two basic principles of APA 7th edition referencing

in-text citation

These are brief references within the body of the paper. Used immediately after paraphrasing, summarizing, or quoting another source

reference list

This is a detailed list of all sources used. Located at the end of the paper, providing full information for each source cited.

(Smith, 2020)

Sample in-text citation for apa 7th edition

(Smith, 2020, p.45)

In-text citaiton when using a direct quote

(Smith & Jones, 2020)

In-text citation when there are two authors

(Smith et al., 2020)

In-text-citation with three or more authors

paraphrasing

allows students to incorporate ideas without quoting directly. They should also include an in-text citation with the author and year

(United Nations [UN], 2025)

in-text citation for organizations (first citation)

(UN, 2025)

In-text citation of organization (subsequent citation)

reference list

where researchers provide full details for each source

alphabetically by the author’s surname, type of sources

How are entries organized in the reference list?

interviews, observations, participant data

special sources from qualitative research

(Participant A, personal interview, January 2024)

interview transcription citation format (in-text)

Field notes, observations, interviews

What should not be included in the reference list but included in the methodology section?

Alphabetization, hanging indent 0.5

Formatting guidelines 1-2

Italics (book, report, journal name title)

Formatting guidelines 3

DOI, URL for journal articles

Formatting guidelines 4

Author Surname, First Initial. (Year). Title of the Book. Publisher

Book citation format

Author Surname, First Initial. (Year). Title of the article. Journal name. Volume no(issue no). page range. DOI

Journal Article Citation Format

Author Surname, First Initial. (Year, Month Date). Title of web page. Website Name. URL

Websites citation format

(Interviewee’s Initials and Surname, personal communication, Date)

Interviews and Personal Communications citation format

Authoring Organization. (Year). Title of Report (Report No. xxx). Publisher.

Reports and Government Documents citation format