Introduction to Urban and Regional Planning

A collection of vocabulary flashcards related to key concepts in urban and regional planning as outlined in the lecture notes.

Human Urban Ecology

A study examining the city as a dynamic ecosystem where humans and nature interact, affecting urban environments and the organisms within them.

Urban Metabolism

The study of resource flow (energy, water, materials) into and out of cities and their environmental impacts.

Environmental Justice

An analysis of how the benefits and burdens of urban development are distributed among different social groups, emphasizing equity and sustainability.

Urban Ecology

The study of the relationships between living organisms and their environments in urban areas, exploring how urbanization affects biodiversity and ecosystem services.

Ekistics

The science of human settlements that examines cities' physical, social, economic, political, and cultural dimensions.

Location Theory

A framework explaining the spatial organization of economic activities and why certain activities cluster in specific locations.

Biodiversity in Cities

Investigating how different species adapt and maintain themselves within urban environments, including roles of green spaces.

Urban Heat Island Effect

The temperature increase in urban areas compared to surrounding rural areas due to human activity and built infrastructure.

Sustainability in Urban Planning

Designing cities to minimize environmental impact and resource consumption while fostering resilience and livability.

Zoning Ordinance

A local law that divides areas into districts and regulates land use, height, density, and types of buildings allowed.

Public Participation in Planning

The process of involving community members and stakeholders in the formulation and implementation of urban and regional plans.

Floor Area Ratio (FAR)

The ratio of a building's total floor area to the size of the lot it occupies, used to control building density.

Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

A document outlining the land use goals and regulations for a municipality, guiding growth and development.

Participatory Planning

An approach to urban planning that actively involves stakeholders to ensure that all voices are included in the decision-making process.

Green Infrastructure

An approach integrating natural systems with traditional engineering techniques to manage stormwater and create sustainable urban environments.

Social-Ecological Systems

Framework recognizing that human societies and natural ecosystems are interconnected and should be considered jointly in planning.

Urban Planning Standards

Guidelines and regulations establishing minimum requirements for various aspects of urban development to ensure safe, efficient, and livable communities.

Land Use Planning

The act of defining the allocation, development, and management of land based on social, economic, and environmental objectives.

Transportation Planning

The process of assessing and designing transport systems to ensure efficient movement of people and goods within urban areas.

Housing Act of 1949

Legislation providing federal financing for slum clearance and urban renewal projects in American cities.

Hydrology

The scientific study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water on Earth and other planets, including the water cycle, water resources, and environmental watershed sustainability.

Geology

The study of the Earth's solid material, including rocks, minerals, and the processes that shape the Earth's structure over time.

Built Environment

The human-made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity, encompassing buildings, parks, and urban infrastructure.

Infrastructure

The fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or area, including transportation, communication, sewage, water, and electric systems.

Socio-Ecological Systems

Complex systems that include both ecological and social components, where interactions among these elements shape the dynamics and sustainability of communities.

Cultures

Shared practices, values, norms, and artifacts that characterize a group, influencing their worldview and way of life.

Economies

Systems by which goods and services are produced, distributed, and consumed, often influenced by resource availability and societal needs.

Social Cultures

The ways in which societal norms, values, and practices influence individual behaviors and community interactions.

Urban Heat Island Effect

The phenomenon where urban areas experience higher temperatures than their rural surroundings due to human activities and modifications of land surfaces.

Waste Heat

Excess heat generated from industrial processes, buildings, or vehicles that is not utilized and is often released into the environment.

Increased Energy Consumption

The growing demand for energy resources driven by population growth, industrialization, and technological advancement.

Ecosystem Impacts

Alterations in natural environments caused by various human activities or natural events, affecting biodiversity and ecological balance.

Eksitics

The study of the spatial aspects of human activity, focusing on the relationship between human behavior and land use.

Anthropos

The human component of socio-ecological systems, emphasizing cultural and social attributes in ecological interactions.

Oikos

The Greek term for household, extended to represent the family unit within the context of ecological resource management.

Polis

A city-state in ancient Greece, representing a political entity where the urban community lived and interacted.

Alfred Weber’s Least Cost Theory

A concept in industrial location theory suggesting that industries will locate in a way that minimizes transportation and production costs.

Von Thünen's Land Use Model

A theory that explains agricultural land use based on distance from a central market, with specific zones for different types of farming.

Central Place Theory (Christaller & Lösch)

A spatial theory in urban planning that explains the size and distribution of human settlements and their economic interactions.

PD No. 1308, March 2, 1978

A legislative act aimed at organizing and enhancing the development of urban lands in the Philippines.

HLURB

The Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board in the Philippines responsible for land use planning and development.

Urban

Relating to or characteristic of a city or town, often associated with higher population density and infrastructure.

Urban Place

A specific location within an urban setting that has distinct characteristics and serves particular functions.

Region

An area defined by certain unifying characteristics, often encompassing multiple urban places and rural areas.

Sir Christopher Wren

An English architect known for designing St. Paul's Cathedral and contributing to urban planning in post-Great Fire London.

John Gwynn

An advocate of urban reform whose ideas influenced modern planning practices.

Robert Owen

A social reformer known for his efforts in improving working conditions and promoting community-based living.

Don Arturo Soria y Mata

A Spanish architect and urban planner known for his proposals on the development of ideal cities.

Tony Garnier

A French architect who advocated for functional urban planning and design in the early 20th century.

UNECITE INDUSTRIELLE

A concept developed by Tony Garnier focusing on the integration of industrial and residential spaces in urban planning.

Frederick Law Olmsted

An American landscape architect known for designing Central Park and promoting naturalistic landscapes in urban settings.

Ebenezer Howard

The founder of the Garden City movement, advocating for planned communities that balanced urban and rural living.

Garden City Movement

An urban planning concept that promotes the creation of self-contained communities surrounded by greenbelts.

The City Beautiful Era (1899–1909)

A movement in city planning that aimed to introduce beautification and monumental grandeur to urban environments.

Daniel Burnham

An American architect and urban planner known for his contributions to the City Beautiful movement and the development of Chicago's plan.

Patrick Geddes

A Scottish biologist and urban planner known for his holistic approach to town planning, emphasizing the relationship between city and environment.

Constantine Doxiadis

A Greek architect and urban planner known for his theories on human settlements and his design of the modern city.

Lewis Mumford

An American historian and sociologist whose work emphasized the importance of community and environmental considerations in urban planning.

Kevin Lynch

An urban planner and author known for his studies on city perception and design, particularly in his book 'The Image of the City'.

Thomas Adams

A prominent urban planner and advocate for innovative housing and community development in the early 20th century.

Ian McHarg

A landscape architect known for his work in environmental planning and the sustainable design of urban spaces.

Frederick J. Osborn

An influential planner known for his contributions to the city planning philosophy and practice.

Superblocks

Urban planning design used to reduce traffic in neighborhoods by creating large blocks that prioritize pedestrians.

Cul-de-sacs

A dead-end street that leads nowhere, often used in residential planning to create quieter and safer environments.

Charles-Édouard Jeanneret (Le Corbusier)

A pioneering architect whose ideas about modernist architecture and urban planning significantly influenced 20th-century design.

Housing Act of 1949

Legislation in the United States aimed at expanding affordable housing and addressing post-World War II housing shortages.

Jane Jacobs

An urban activist and author known for her critiques of modernist urban planning and her advocacy for community-based methods.

New Urbanism (1980s)

A planning movement that promotes walkable neighborhoods and sustainable communities as a response to suburban sprawl.

Rectilinear Pattern

A geometric layout of streets that resembles a grid, commonly used in urban planning.

Circular Pattern

A layout characterized by circular pathways or arrangements, often seen in designed parks or public spaces.

Grid Layout

An organized arrangement of streets and buildings in a grid pattern, facilitating movement and accessibility.

Radiocentric

A spatial organization where settlements or features are arranged around a central point, radiating outward.

The Law of the Indies 1542

A set of laws established by the Spanish crown to regulate colonial governance and town planning in the Americas.

Central Place Theory (1933)

A theory of settlement distribution developed to explain the size and spacing of cities and towns based on market functions.

Trickle Down and Polarization Effects (1975)

Economic theories describing how benefits from growth can trickle down from the wealthy to the poor, and how urban polarization occurs.

Agropolitan Model (1978)

A model that integrates urban and rural planning to promote sustainable development in peri-urban areas.